The English Civil War and Absolutism Denied Flashcards
Who is James I?
After Elizabeth’s virgin death, Mary Queen of Scott’s son James ascended the throne, creating the Stuart dynasty. he ruled from 1603-25, and he was the first ruler of the “United Kingdom”
What’s up with Parliament andJames I?
Parliament can only be called by monarch, but have tax control (tonnage and poundage). James ! is finding other ways to make money, like KJV Bibles
What did Puritans think of James I?
hated him so much they left to Plymouth and NE
What’s up with Charles I (1625-49) and Parliament?
Charles wants to keep absolutism, so he doesn’t call Parliament for an 11 Year’s Tyranny (29-40). He’s so Catholic they call him a “High-Anglican” and the Great Migration happens
What does Charles I do that makes him need Parliament?
He goes to war with Scotland for not accepting his prayer book (to convert them). They end up taking a bunch of land and driving him broke
What happened when Parliament returned in 1640?
“Short Parliament”–Charles wouldn’t make reforms and dismissed them. But “Long Parliament” when he loses more and this time they won’t listen to him anymore.
What made Charles I look bad?
During the “Long Parliament”, he tries to arrest a bunch of them but he looks terrible. He decides to build an army
The First Civil War
1642-51–Roundheads vs. Cavaliers (royalists). Parliament/Scots have Oliver Cromwell create a disciplined and merit-based army called the New Model Army Scots capture Charles, but he eventually escapes
Second Civil War
Roundheads go and capture Charles who snuck into London. Pride also purges the Presbyterians in Parliament who wanted to end fighting, creating a rump Parliament. Charles I executed
Third Civil War and the new gov’t
Republic started in `1649, but really just Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate
What was Cromwell’s Protectorate like?
high taxes, recaptured Scotland and handled Irish revolt. disbanded Parliament and became “Lord Protector.
Cromwell’s middle ground
Puritan-like. Not a Anglo-Catholic or a Leveler (faction advocating free religion and men voting in place of parliament)
Succession after Oliver Cromwell
Richard, his son, is a trash ruler, so General George Monck restores monarchy with Charles II “The Restoration”
effect of English Civil Wars
200,000 English die, shows why kings shouldn’t deny parliament
How did absolutism fall apart after the Restoration?
Charles II understand he couldn’t be intolerant and absolute, but brother James II didn’t and was Catholic and absolutist.
