The Endocrine Pancreas 2 Flashcards
what type of hormone is glucagon
peptide hormone
what cells produce glucagon
alpha cells of the pancreatic islets
what is the function of glucagon
to raise blood glucose
what organ does glucagon mainly work on
the liver
what is the plasma half life of glucagon
5-10 mins
where is glucagon mainly degraded
in the liver
what hormones are part of the glucose counter-regulatory system
epinephrine
cortisol
GH
glucagon
when is glucagon most active
in the post absorptive state
what type of receptors are glucagon receptors
G-protein coupled receptors
glucagon receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, what are they linked to
linked to the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system
what is meant by the term “phosphorylate”
the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
amino acids in the plasma stimulate release of both insulin and glucagon why
this is an adaption to adjust for the composition of a meal very high in protein and little carbs
what are stimuli that promote glucagon release
- low [BG]
- high [amino acids]
- sympathetic innervation and epinephrine, B2 effect
- cortisol
- stress e.g exercise, infection
what are stimuli that inhibit glucagon release
- glucose
- free fatty acids and ketones
- insulin
- somatostatin
what hormone stimulates muscle glycogenolysis
epinephrine
what hormones stimulate liver glycogenolysis
glucagon
epinephrine
what hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis
glucagon
epinephrine
cortisol
GH
what hormones inhibit glucose uptake
cortisol
GH
what hormones promote lipolysis
eoinephrine
cortisol
GH
what hormone promotes protein catabolism
cortisol
somatostain is a peptide hormone, what cells secrete it
D cells of the pancreas
what is the main pancreatic action of somatostatin
main pancreatic action is to inhibit activity in the GI tract to slow down absorption of nutrients to prevent peaks in plasma concentrations
somatostatin strongly supresses the release of both insulin and glucagon true or false
true
what is somatostatin also known as
growth hormone -inhibiting hormone
what does the liver convert excess fatty acids to
ketone bodies
what is type 1 diabetes
insulin dependent diabetes
what is the cause of type 1 diabetes (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic B cells which destroys the ability to produce insulin and compromises the patients ability to absorb glucose from the plasma
what is the cause of type 2 diabetes
peripheral tissue becomes insensitive to insulin, this is either due to an abnormal response of insulin receptors in these tissues or a reduction in their number
