Anatomy Endocrine System

Question 1

what is the name of the hollow in the skull that the pituitary gland sits in

Answer 1

sella turcica

Question 2

what bone of the skull is the sella turcica a part of

Answer 2

sphenoid bone

Question 3

which fibres from the optic nerve, nasal or temporal cross over to the opposite side at the chiasm

Answer 3

nasal

Question 4

what visual defect would occur if there was pituitary gland enlargement, pressing on the optic chiasma

Answer 4

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 5

under the microscope which lobe of the pituitary gland is dark staining, anterior or posterior

Answer 5

anterior = dark stain

Question 6

what colour do acidophillic cells of the anterior pituitary stain

Answer 6

acidophils stain PINK

Question 7

what colour do basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary stain under the microscope

Answer 7

stain LIGHT PURPLE

Question 8

what colour do chromophobic cells of the anterior pituitary stain under the microscope

Answer 8

PALE (they do not take up much stain)

Question 9

what do acidophils secrete

Answer 9

somatotrophin ( target organ is the liver)

prolactin (target organ is breast)

Question 10

what do basophils secrete

Answer 10

ACTH (target organ is adrenal cortex)
TSH (target organ is the thyroid gland)
FSH LH (target organ is gonads)

Question 11

what are the main secretory cells of the posterior pituitary

Answer 11

neurosecretory cells

Question 12

what hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete

Answer 12

oxytocin

vasopressin

Question 13

where does the pituitary gland get its blood supply

Answer 13

from branches of the ICA- superior hypophysial artery and posterior hypophysial artery

Question 14

what artery supplies the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 14

superior hypophysial artery

Question 15

what artery supplies the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 15

inferior hypophysial artery

Question 16

what is the venous drainage of the pituitary gland

Answer 16

hypophysial veins into the carvernous sinus

Question 17

what is the vertebral level of the thyroid gland

Answer 17

C5 to T1

Question 18

what tracheal rings does the thyroid gland lie anterior to

Answer 18

4th and 6th tracheal rings

Question 19

what are the 3 strap muscles that overlie the thyroid gland

Answer 19

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

Question 20

name 2 nerves that supply the muscles of the vocal cords and describe their location in relation to the thyroid gland

Answer 20

recurrent laryngeal-runs between the trachea and the oesophagus

superior laryngeal-runs close to the superior thyroid artery

Question 21

from which major artery in the neck does the superior thyroid artery arise

Answer 21

ECA

Question 22

from which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise

Answer 22

subclavian artery

Question 23

into which vein does the superior and middle thyroid vein drain

Answer 23

IJV

Question 24

into which vein does the inferior thyroid vein drain

Answer 24

brachiocephalic veins

Question 25

what is the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland

Answer 25

deep cervical group

Question 26

what is the arterial supply to the parathyroid glands

Answer 26

inferior thyroid arteries

Question 27

are the supradrenal glands intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 27

retroperitoneal

Question 28

what type of tissue gives rise to the cortex of the adrenal gland

Answer 28

mesoderm epithelium

Question 29

what type of tissue gives rise to the medulla of the adrenal gland

Answer 29

neuroectoderm tissue

Question 30

what is the blood supply to the adrenal glands

Answer 30

supradrenal arteries

Question 31

where do the supradrenal arteries arise from

Answer 31

inferior phrenic, aorta, renal arteries

Question 32

where does the right suprarenal vein drain into

Answer 32

IVC

Question 33

where does the left suprarenal vein drain into

Answer 33

left renal vein

Question 34

is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 34

retroperitoneal