Diabetes Flashcards
what are symptoms of hypoglycaemia
sweating
tremor
palpitations
what are secondary causes of diabetes
pancreatic damage endocrine disorders (Cushings)
what is the action of Sulphonylureas
stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreatic B cells
what is the action of biguanides (metformin)
decrease hepatic glucose production
increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
what is the action of thiazolidineadiones
cause sentisisation of tissue to insulin and inhibit gluconeogenesis
what should type 1 diabetic patients be educated on
home glucose monitioring checking urine or blood for ketones insulin administration management of hypo sick day rules exercise driving
what are clinical features of DKA
nausea vomiting abdominal pain tiredness dehydration increased respiratory rate low BP
how would you confirm the diagnosis of DKA
hyperglycaemia metabolic acidosis elevated ketones (blood or urine)
what is the danger of hypoglycaemia that goes uncorrected
confusion
coma (seizures, hemiparesis)
long term brain damage
death
how is hypoglycaemia treated
by administering 15-20g of rapidly absorbed glucose
what is the cause of DKA
too little insulin intake leading to fat breakdown
what is the initial management of DKA
ABC
I.V access
vital signs
what are the initial investigation in DKA
glucose Urinalysis blood ketones venous blood gas U&E FBC blood culture ECG?
what are complication of DKA
hyper/hypokalaemia
hypoglycaemia
cerebral oedema
what is the treatment of DKA
IV saline
IV insulin
IV potassium
may need antibiotics if infection
