Long Term Complications - Micro and Macro Flashcards
what can large vessel disease due to diabetes result in
MI
stroke
peripheral vascular disease
what complications can small vessel disease due to diabetes result in
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
what factors may increase a diabetic patients risk of developing complications such as arterial disease
duration of diabetes metabolic control smoking hypertension hyperlipidaemia (genetics)
what prevention is available to reduce the risk factors of arterial disease (due to diabetes)
target HbA1c control BP smoking cessation stain therapy lifestyle choices
how can small arterial disease be prevented
good glucose control
tight blood pressure control
early detection
what is proliferative retinopathy
new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina and can bleed
what is maculopathy
damage to the macula (the part of the eye that provides us with central vision)
what is the treatment for proliferative retinopathy
- laser photocoagulation (destruction of the peripheral ischaemic retina leads to reduction of endothelial growth factors and regression of new blood vessels)
- vitrectomy
what are changes to the macula that indicate diabetic maculopathy
exudates and blot haemorrhages at macula
what is the treatment of diabetic maculopathy
- grid laser therapy
- tight control of blood glucose
- tight control of blood pressure
what can autonomic neuropathy (due to diabetes) result in
gastric stasis/recurrent vomiting
diarrhoea
abnormal sweating/peripheral oedema/urinary retention
what test can be used to diagnosis diabetic neuropathy
urine sample for albumin to creatinine ratio
what is the management of early kidney disease
optimise glycaemic control
tight BP (125/75)
ACE inhibitor
cardiovascular risk factor management
