The End of the Republic and Julius Caesar

Question 1

Optimates

Answer 1

(middle/ equestrian class ( have horses as a show of rank in army, 2nd/3rd commander)

Question 2

Populares

Answer 2

means politicians (gracci brothers) come from other classes but appeal to plebs- try to be personable

Question 3

Professionalization of the army

Answer 3

Romans realized you couldn’t draft people, you needed to train heavily (prior combat and experience helps) so if people join because they want to for money and land at retirement (25 years of service) you become a small land owner- most won’t live all those years, but you run out of land and need to conquer more land, or take it away from socii? Can’t give them mountain land, they need to give them land that can sustain them

Question 4

rich get richer poor stay the same

Answer 4

Old power of patrician class, and upper middle class, some patricians take side of poor (populares) – try to distribute land and give it to poor, but many patricians are using this themselves for logging so they’re mad, the social tension leads to the end of the republic

Question 5

Republic breaks apart in 150 years

Answer 5

Emperian was given by senate, then by blood