Neo-Assyrian Period, Assyrian Empire

Question 1

Previously Mittani

Answer 1

Hal ashkur took over

Question 2

began expansion in main cities

Answer 2

already own fertile crescent- began expanding at 7th century, 744, so Urartu, Phrygia, Lydia have diplomatic relations

Question 3

fertile crescent

Answer 3

contains caravan routes form Mesopatamia and Syria to Arabia, and part of Egypt at one point

Question 4

Mount Ararat

Answer 4

Urartu

Question 5

934-745- 1st phase of Neo-Assyrian Period

Answer 5

regained control of Upper Mesopatamia

Question 6

745-619: 2nd phase of Neo-Assyrian Period

Answer 6

expansionist from Persian Gulf to Central Anatolia and Egypt

Question 7

calendar year

Answer 7

spring to spring

Question 8

612

Answer 8

Babylonian king levels all of Assyria

Question 9

539

Answer 9

Fall of Babylon by Persians

Question 10

Ninevah

Answer 10

christian enclave (from 612-C.E.?)

Question 11

Kalhu

Answer 11

Nimrud (royal annals)

Question 12

Dur-Sharrukin

Answer 12

khorsabad (royal annals)

Question 13

“Letters to the god”

Answer 13

Sargon II’s 8th campaign, found in annals

Question 14

Dur

Answer 14

founded by Sargon II- inscriptions on walls ***

Question 15

Assurnasipal II (883-859)

Answer 15

14 campaigns and building of Kalhu (Nimrud)- many hunting scenes etc

Question 16

beer was a staple

Answer 16

in sun becomes a paste for bread, mice didn’t eat it

Question 17

Shalmanesar III (858-824)

Answer 17

famous for Jehu- conflicts with Neo-hittite and aramean kingdoms in the west, coalition with Syrian & Levantine states; then the coalition fell apart (841): tribute from Jehu (Israel) mentioned on Shalmaneser’s Black Obelisk (in Kalhu)
pact with Babylonia: protecting the Babylonian dynastic line and fighting Aramaean and Chaldaean tribes
reign ends with revolt

Question 18

745

Answer 18

Neo-Assyrian KINGDOM begins

Question 19

Black obelisk of Nimrud

Answer 19

first abstract idea of a god (Assur) Jehu- king of Israel is forced to pay tribute to Shalmanessar III

Question 20

Shalmanessar III’s kingdom

Answer 20

eunics- source of power, would adopt other kids. small garrisons were left for power control- would become locals through generations

Question 21

Shamshi Adad V

Answer 21

Babylonia had to help Shalmaneser’s son, then he attacked Babylonia _broke the treaty

Question 22

Tiglath-Pilessar III (744-727)

Answer 22

Urartu gets stronger during his reign, although he reduces their power, campaigns incorporated N. Syria and Damascus. Akitu-slapping king story
728 crowned king of Babylon- jealous of Babylonian culture
complex bureacracy, taxes, centralized state

Question 23

assyrian writing

Answer 23

changed the creation myth of babylon to include Assur

Question 24

Walls of the palace of Tiglath-pileser III at Kalhu

Answer 24

Annals are in several incarnations (shorter ones are on the walls of this palace) *Eph’al –the siege in ancient near east (ancient assyrian military- all wooden)
Threats are carried out to initiate fear, and then you don’t have to carry it out later

Question 25

Medes

Answer 25

assyrian kings carried Parasols

Question 26

Shalmaneser V (726-722)

Answer 26

took Samaria and ruled Babylonia

Question 27

Sargon II (721-705)

Answer 27

Shalmaneser and Sargon II are brothers- fishy death Babylonia fell under Chaldaean control: Marduk-apla-iddina (“Merodach-baladan”) runs away like 3 times—Sargon tried to retake Babylon, but an Elamite army defeated him at Der but by the end of his reign, Sargon regained Babylonia and expelled Marduk-apla-iddina to Elam by the end of his reign, an area from central Anatolia all the way to Judah had become a series of Assyrian provinces

Question 28

Dur-Sharrukin

Answer 28

Khorsabad- palace of Sargon II, winged lions at main gate

Question 29

Iconogrpahic conventions

Answer 29

fish- fertility, ships to carry troops

Question 30

Sennacherib (704-681)

Answer 30

focus on securing Babylonia, along with frontier wars | 2nd phase empire (744-630)

Question 31

Esarhaddon (680-669)

Answer 31

campaigns against Egypt- 2nd phase empire (744-630)

Question 32

612

Answer 32

612: Medes and Babylonians conquer Assyria, Ashur, Kalhu (Nimrud) & Nineveh had been destroyed by a combined army of Babylonians and Medes... unknown 1-2 decades before the fall, it's an enigma

Question 33

Assurbanipal (668-631/627?)

Answer 33

completed his father’s Egyptian conquest | attacked his brother

Question 34

Assurbanipal’s brother

Answer 34

Shamash-shum-ukin), acting as Babylonian ruler, rose against Assyria with Elamite aid; Assurbanipal crushed his brother, chased the Elamites into Elam, and ravaged Susa (end of Elam as an international entity)

Question 35

Nabopolassar

Answer 35

Babylonian general Nabopolassar became Babylonian king in 626 & Assyrians lost control over Babylonian and the Assyrian empire started to fall apart

Question 36

medes in the east

Answer 36

Assyrian empire controlled by Babylon