Etruscans Flashcards
peoples in ancient Italy
latin peoples, etruscans, greeks, Phoenecians (carthaginians)
latin peoples
latins, oscans, umbrans
languages in ancient italy
Illyrian, Faliscan, latin, oscan, Messapic, ligurian, Raetic, Messapic, Liburnian, Leporitic, - gaulish is further west
The Etruscans(ca. 700-100 b.c.e.)
period of monarchy
Etruria
Tuscany
Etruscan origins
Sea Peoples? - Teresh (trš) = Tyrrhenians (Attic Τυρρήνιοι Tyrrenioi) or Tyrsenians (Ionic Τυρσήνιοι Tyrsenioi)
Lydians? – Herodotus (1.94): “They no longer called themselves Lydians, but Tyrrhenians, after the name of the king’s son who had led them there”
Autochthonous? - Dionysius of Halicarnassus (ca. 60-7 B.C.E.)
necropolis at Cerveteri (N. Lazio)
Etruscan tumulus tombs, Half smile- etruscan/sardonic smile
sarcophagus of married couple, tomb of the leopards, Tarquinia (Lazio), 6th century, Tomb of the Triclinium, Fresco in the Tomba della Fustigazione (Flogging grave) ,
Etruscan alphabet is the precursor to Roman language
Etruscan Bronze Mirror with Minerva, the Dioskouroi (Castor & Pollux), and either Helen or Aphrodite (ca. 250-200)
Haruspex-
entrails of animal (liver, gull bladder etc) not in heart or brain, common for anomalies in liver etc- Roman (active diviner
Augur
observation (of birds flying to right/left if released (right is good, left is bad) used bones of animals (split evenly=good, not =bad) doesn’t kill animals to look though (passive)
obscene comes from latin of going to the left (bad omen)
Roman Monarchy
753–510 B.C.E.
Roman Republic
510–27 B.C.E
Roman Empire
27 B.C.E.–476 C.E
ROME: The seven hills and the Tiber river
City still built around these, 753: Traditional date for the Foundation of Rome
Capitoline she-wolf - 13th cent. c.e., with Romulus and Remus added in the 15th century (previously thought to date to ca. 500 b.c.e.)
Lupa- prostitute/slut, changed it to wolf to sound better
They thought this was from roman times, but it’s actually from renaissance
Lupercal: Romulus and Remus & she-wolf, surrounded by the Tiber and the Palatine
Altar dedicated to Mars & Venus (Trajan, 98-117 c.e.), later re-used under the Hadrian (117-132 c.e.) as a base for a statue of Silvan
Lupercal Cave at the foot of the Palatine Hill :
Legendary place at which Romulus & Remus were found → Lupercus (≈ Greek Pan), Lupercalia (festival)
over 250 festivals for residents of Rome
Rape of the Sabine Women (raptio “abduction”
Often kidnapped women were raped, so it happened to go together
The babies were therefore abandoned (exterminated all the carthiginian babies later)
Latins and etruscans worked together and fought neighbors to create the empire later, there must have been a conflict with Sabine, and then in the peace treaty they were added into the empire
Etruscan kings of Rome (7th & 6th centuries)
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder), Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), etc.
510 b.c.e.: Overthrow of the Tarquin kings
The Roman Republic
510 - 27 b.c.e.
res publica, Becomes republic
now means head of state is elected
SPQR
Senatus Populusque Romanus, To declare war, this standard meant you were acting on behalf of senate who had declared war (later the senate was controlled by the emperor)
Patres and the Patrician order
father of the extended family, The Roman Senate (
Consuls
: highest military & civilian officials; two consuls were elected each year
Praetors:
army commanders (since 366 B.C.E.)
