Etruscans

Question 1

peoples in ancient Italy

Answer 1

latin peoples, etruscans, greeks, Phoenecians (carthaginians)

Question 2

latin peoples

Answer 2

latins, oscans, umbrans

Question 3

languages in ancient italy

Answer 3

Illyrian, Faliscan, latin, oscan, Messapic, ligurian, Raetic, Messapic, Liburnian, Leporitic, - gaulish is further west

Question 4

The Etruscans(ca. 700-100 b.c.e.)

Answer 4

period of monarchy

Question 5

Etruria

Answer 5

Tuscany

Question 6

Etruscan origins

Answer 6

Sea Peoples? - Teresh (trš) = Tyrrhenians (Attic Τυρρήνιοι Tyrrenioi) or Tyrsenians (Ionic Τυρσήνιοι Tyrsenioi)
Lydians? – Herodotus (1.94): “They no longer called themselves Lydians, but Tyrrhenians, after the name of the king’s son who had led them there”
Autochthonous? - Dionysius of Halicarnassus (ca. 60-7 B.C.E.)

Question 7

necropolis at Cerveteri (N. Lazio)

Answer 7

Etruscan tumulus tombs, Half smile- etruscan/sardonic smile
sarcophagus of married couple, tomb of the leopards, Tarquinia (Lazio), 6th century, Tomb of the Triclinium, Fresco in the Tomba della Fustigazione (Flogging grave) ,

Question 8

Etruscan alphabet is the precursor to Roman language

Answer 8

Etruscan Bronze Mirror with Minerva, the Dioskouroi (Castor & Pollux), and either Helen or Aphrodite (ca. 250-200)

Question 9

Haruspex-

Answer 9

entrails of animal (liver, gull bladder etc) not in heart or brain, common for anomalies in liver etc- Roman (active diviner

Question 10

Augur

Answer 10

observation (of birds flying to right/left if released (right is good, left is bad) used bones of animals (split evenly=good, not =bad) doesn’t kill animals to look though (passive)
obscene comes from latin of going to the left (bad omen)

Question 11

Roman Monarchy

Answer 11

753–510 B.C.E.

Question 12

Roman Republic

Answer 12

510–27 B.C.E

Question 13

Roman Empire

Answer 13

27 B.C.E.–476 C.E

Question 14

ROME: The seven hills and the Tiber river

Answer 14

City still built around these, 753: Traditional date for the Foundation of Rome

Question 15

Capitoline she-wolf - 13th cent. c.e., with Romulus and Remus added in the 15th century (previously thought to date to ca. 500 b.c.e.)

Answer 15

Lupa- prostitute/slut, changed it to wolf to sound better

They thought this was from roman times, but it’s actually from renaissance

Question 16

Lupercal: Romulus and Remus & she-wolf, surrounded by the Tiber and the Palatine

Answer 16

Altar dedicated to Mars & Venus (Trajan, 98-117 c.e.), later re-used under the Hadrian (117-132 c.e.) as a base for a statue of Silvan

Question 17

Lupercal Cave at the foot of the Palatine Hill :

Answer 17

Legendary place at which Romulus & Remus were found → Lupercus (≈ Greek Pan), Lupercalia (festival)
over 250 festivals for residents of Rome

Question 18

Rape of the Sabine Women (raptio “abduction”

Answer 18

Often kidnapped women were raped, so it happened to go together
The babies were therefore abandoned (exterminated all the carthiginian babies later)
Latins and etruscans worked together and fought neighbors to create the empire later, there must have been a conflict with Sabine, and then in the peace treaty they were added into the empire

Question 19

Etruscan kings of Rome (7th & 6th centuries)

Answer 19

Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder), Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud), etc.
510 b.c.e.: Overthrow of the Tarquin kings

Question 20

The Roman Republic

510 - 27 b.c.e.

Answer 20

res publica, Becomes republic

now means head of state is elected

Question 21

SPQR

Answer 21

Senatus Populusque Romanus, To declare war, this standard meant you were acting on behalf of senate who had declared war (later the senate was controlled by the emperor)

Question 22

Patres and the Patrician order

Answer 22

father of the extended family, The Roman Senate (

Question 23

Consuls

Answer 23

: highest military & civilian officials; two consuls were elected each year

Question 24

Praetors:

Answer 24

army commanders (since 366 B.C.E.)

Question 25

Tribune of the Plebs:

Answer 25

2-3 elected magistrates presiding over the Plebeian Council

Question 26

Quaestors

Answer 26

investigation of crimes & treasury

Question 27

Aediles

Answer 27

public buildings, festivals, “police

Question 28

Censors

Answer 28

mores- moral police

Question 29

Governors

Answer 29

(law in provinces)

Question 30

Promagistrates:

Answer 30

acting magistrates (Proconsuls, Propraetors, Proquestors)

Question 31

senator

Answer 31

only one that lasts forever

Question 32

Roman Expansion

Answer 32

5th cent. – The Latin League

Gauls in the north

Question 33

Polybius

Answer 33

greek that moves to rome and writes a history at end of 3rd beginning of 2nd century BC (called them unsophisticated, hillbillies) yet they conquered most of meditteranean
Very detailed, analyzed how army was made into military machine
No army without money and citizenship