Israel and Hebrew Bible

Question 1

targum

Answer 1

Jewish Aramaic (originally oral, Dragoman)

Question 2

Aleppo Codex

Answer 2

earliest manuscript of Hebrew bible- missing most of Torah 10th century C.E.

Question 3

Leningrad codex

Answer 3

earliest complete m.s. of Hebrew Bible 1008 or 1009 c.e.

Question 4

Codex Sinaitticus

Answer 4

greek translation 4th century

Question 5

Peshitta

Answer 5

Christian translation of bible into Syriac (aramaic dialect)still used in eastern churches today

Question 6

coptic translation

Answer 6

egyptian christians

Question 7

henotheism and monotheism

Answer 7

different views of worship

Question 8

vulgatta

Answer 8

translation into latin by Jerome

Question 9

Hazor

Answer 9

city

Question 10

Gesa

Answer 10

calendar

Question 11

Midiam

Answer 11

priest (moses’ father)

Question 12

ISRAELITES:

Answer 12

People who were living in hillsides around cities 1400- 1300 bce, big drought 1100, countryside people move into city, those in the cities are canaanites, cities are taken over by countryside people- national god- Yahweh (uniting factor)

Question 13

tribal amphictyony theory

Answer 13

pastoralist groups- settled in hill country,
Israelites also settled in hill country, formed a tribal league (possibly with 12-13) because there weren’t any newly arrived populations. -probably moved in and took over (israelites took over after canaanites, that’s why they’re portrayed as bad in the bible

Question 14

Peasant revolt theory

Answer 14

(Mendenhall): social “revolution” of peasants (“Israelites”) taking over (think Marxism)
rulers fail to protect the peasants, new culture based on a national god (Yahweh) and a series of national narratives as theo-political charters

Question 15

Judges

Answer 15

charismatic leaders, after the “settlement/rebellion”, Weber- father of sociology

Question 16

Saul

Answer 16

a judge become king, “anointed by Yahweh through his prophet Samuel”, first technical Monarch

Question 17

House of david

Answer 17

aramaic stela from tell Dan

Question 18

United Monarchy

Answer 18

David and Soloman, no contemporary royal inscriptions, david starts as a high officer and then challenges Saul. Proclaimed King in Judah before Saul’s suicide

Question 19

Absalom

Answer 19

David’s son, leads rebellions in the north, Ark of the covenant brought to jerusalem - centralization of the cult

Question 20

Canaanites vs. Israelites

Answer 20

Temple of jerusalem is destroyed and never rebuilt? No real cultural difference between israelites and canaanites

Question 21

Solomon

Answer 21

David’s younger son, temple in jerusalem is built (tripartite structure?) same as canaanite temples

Question 22

Division of the Kingdom

Answer 22

Jeroboam (Solomon’s official; North: Israel)

Rehoboam (Solomon’s son; South: Judah)