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CAMS > Overview of the history of the hittite kingdom and hittite empire > Flashcards

Overview of the history of the hittite kingdom and hittite empire Flashcards

1
Q

language

A

Neshite

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2
Q

main city

A

Hattussa 1650-1200

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3
Q

originally from

A

kussara

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4
Q

Luwian Hieroglyphs

A

adopted from Luwian for Hittite public use

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5
Q

sargonic period (old Akkadian)

A

2300 bce, Sargon, Manishtushu, Naram-Sin, Sharkilasharri, first organized army

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6
Q

Sargonic period (Gutians)

A

2200 BCE-Gudea of Lagash, Akkadian dominance (Stela of Naram-sin)

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7
Q

Ur III

A

Ur-Namma (code and ziggurat), Shulgi, Amar-sin, Shu-sin, Ibi-Sin, Sumerian Renaissance.Stela of Ur-Namma

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8
Q

ED III

A

2500-2400 Dynasty of Lagash, Ur Nanshe, Eannatum(Stela of the vultures), Urukagina, Sumerian ethnic dominance.

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9
Q

Anitta text

A

Anitta text (in Akkadian and Hittite): Pithana (king of Kussara and Anitta’s father) captured Nesa (Kanesh) and took control of Hattusa and Zalpa

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10
Q

Ahhiyawa question

A

king of wilusa (Ilion/Troy), Acheaons? Alaksandu

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11
Q

Hittite Old Kingdom

A

(ca. 1650-1430)

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12
Q

Hittite Empire

A

(ca. 1430-1200)

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13
Q

Hattussilli I

A

Labarna, campaigned in N. Anatolia and Syria

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14
Q

Mursili I

A

destroyed and attacked Aleppo, took Babylon. 70 years of assasinations took place at his death

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15
Q

edict of Telepinu

A

exile instead of killing enemies, order of succession

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16
Q

Tudhaliya I founds a new dynasty

A

Hittite empire (1430-1200) begins

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17
Q

Supliliuma I

A

incorporates Kizzuwadna, sacks capital of Mittani, has relations with Egypt.

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18
Q

Muwatalli, Rameses II, Hattusilli III

A

Muwattalli has relations with Alaksander of Wilusa.

Battle of Qadesh 1274

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19
Q

Amarna Letters

A

They date to the late Dyn. XVIII, and are addressed to Amenophis III, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamun, mostly in Akkadian (Lingua Franca of the time) Senders are Hittite kings, kings of Babylon, kings of Mittani

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20
Q

Early Uruk

A

3400 numerical texts, Ziggurat at Uruk (Wilusa)

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21
Q

Late Uruk

A

3100 (archaic Uruk texts)

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22
Q

Jemdet Nasr

A

3000

23
Q

ED I

A

2700 (archaic texts Ur) mythical Kings, Gilgamesh

24
Q

ED II

A

2600

25
Q

en

A

chief, ruler, priest

26
Q

lugal

A

king

27
Q

ensi 2

A

governor, ruler

28
Q

Kish- place and

A

Mesalim, king of Kish ED III

29
Q

bala

A

rotation of kingship, no longer a temple state ED III

30
Q

Urukagina (wife’s estate) becomes

A

Baba- goddess estate, land goes to temples etc.

31
Q

guruš “able-bodied men, laborers”

A

// geme2 “female laborers”

32
Q

Urartian

A

ararat (around Lake Van), enemy of Assyrians

33
Q

Old Babylonian Pd.

A

increasing Hurrian presence in names,

34
Q

Alalah IV

A

King Idrimi- the coward king (a vassal of Mittani)

35
Q

Washshukanni

A

sacked by Suppiluliuma I, who installed a Hurrian vassal king (Shattiwaza)- after attempting a rebellion against Mitannian rule in the area of Aleppo (which included Alalah), Idrimi fled to Emar; his mother’s family ruled Emar
he became the vassal king of Alalah (subject of Mitanni)

36
Q

Shattiwaza’s Treaty

A

103 deities

37
Q

Ugarit

A

earliest alphabet (shaped like cuneiform) Ras Shamra has tablets in Ugaritic, Akkadian and Hurrian- many mythological narratives, mycenean and minoan pottery.
Carchemish is the de facto ruler (subject of Hittite King)
Shikala…. possibly Sicily ends them?

38
Q

drought*****

A

between 1300 and 1100

39
Q

Sea Peoples: Peleset

A

Philistines

40
Q

Sea Peoples: Danuna

A

Danoi of Greek Texts

41
Q

Sea Peoples: Teresh

A

Tersenoi (Etruscans)

42
Q

Sea Peoples: Akaiwasha

A

Achaeons (Ahhiyawa question)

43
Q

Kassites take over Babylonia

A

Kurigalzu I founded Dur Kurigalzu (= Aqar Quf)
Burnaburiash II (// Akhenaten)
Kudurrus are found in temples, public monument gifting land to son or others
Babylon is karduniash (Bab ili- gate of the gods, Akkadian) (Karduniash also means gate of the gods
Kartappu, foreign dynasty, renames babylon etc

44
Q

Middle Assyrian Period (13th-11th centuries)

A

Tukulti-Ninurta I (2nd half of 13th cent.)
conquest of Babylon
Epic of Tukulti-Ninurta- written while he was still alive (new!)
Tiglath-Pileser I (late 12th–early 11th cents.)
Aramean raids affecting Assyria and Babylonia
Assyrian shrinkage: now limited to Ashur, Nineveh, Arbela, and Kilizi

45
Q

Elam

A

in highlands, Susa is largest city, Proto-Elamite (mid 4th mill.–ca. 2600)
cp. Archaic Uruk
Old Elamite (ca. 2600–1500)
Sargonic kings: Susa under Mesopotamian control, but Fars was free
Ur III: sukkalmahs as regents
Middle Elamite (ca. 1500–1000): “Classical period”
Neo-Elamite (ca. 1000–mid 6th cent.): ca. 640 Elam falls under Achaemenid control

46
Q

Elam Classical Period (1450-1100)

A

Untash-Napirisha (mid 13th cent.): ziggurat at Chogha Zanbil
Shutruk-Nahhunte I (early/mid 12th cent.)
invaded Babylon & Kassite king & gave the Babylonia throne to his son
plunder from Babylon: Hammurabi’s “Code”
Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I (late 12th cent.) attacked Elam, plus Aramean raids? —Elamite decline
Elamite kings had Kassite mothers, (Babylon)

47
Q

Law Codes

A

Lipit Eshtar, Eshnunna, Hammurabi, Code of Ur Namma

48
Q

Old Assyrian (1950-1970)

A

Kanesh (Kul Teppe) major trade colony
Shamshi Adad- victory Stele over military in Tigris, Kingdom of Upper Mesopatamia
Anitta text!!!

49
Q

Isbin Larsa (2000-1600)

A

Ishbi-Erra
Lipit-Eshtar
Rim-Sin of Larsa (Hammurabi conquers him)- centralized state

50
Q

Mari

A

Letters, and Zimri-Lin

51
Q

Old Babylon (2000-1600)

A

Hammurabi (conquers a bunch) and Samsu-Iluna (rebellion in Uruk and Larsa in 1700, Ur, Uruk, Larsa and Nippur are all empty as a result

52
Q

Misharum decrees

A

taxes

53
Q

Sumerian King List

A

Jemdet Nasr (understand the changes in Kingship)

54
Q

Gutians fall

A

fell to Utu-Hegal

CAMS (18 decks)

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