Greeks- Pelopennesian Wars Flashcards
Piraeus harbor
connected to athens with long walls, not much wind in meditteranean, needed rowing ships, spartans attacked the port
Pericles
5th century Athens (462-429)
Acropolis in Athens
Propylaea, Parthenon- (built 447-431) Erechtheum- 2nd largest temple in athens, had carved columns**
Not too complex, but very large- built for huge procession for festival (Metopes are spaces in between)
Agora
public, political discussions and voting took place there, and ostracisms (not personal vendettas)
types of columns: Doric
no base, simple top
types of columns: Ionic
has base and top with little swirly thigns
types of columns: Corinthian
has base and top with green/leafy decorations at top
Elgin marbles
patrimony of Greece controversy, Thomas Bruce
East pediment statues- still have coloring (Winkleman developed “classical terms”)
Caryatids
columns that are carved into statues (ie.Erechtheum - Porch of Maidens )
Athenian Democracy
Athenian money belongs to the people (demos)
The “Empire” belongs to the people (demos)
Public pay for public service
The leadership serves the demos
demagogues
rhetoric, (talking in public) argument we use should be most eloquent (even if he is a scoundrel)- literally means leader of people (misleading of people sometimes)
Demagoguery- what people want to hear
ostracism
ie.banning Aristides Lysimakhos ca. 483 (enemy of Themistocles- Hundreds of them in Agora (written by only a few hands (either scribe or ballot stuffing)
Attic Tragedy
Aeschylus (ca. 525/524-456/455), Sophocles (ca. 496-406), Euripides (ca. 480-406)
Euripides (ca. 480-406)
18 plays; Medea, Hippolytus, Electra, … Bacchae
favorite of the time period, more modern (Bacchae- religious about women who worship Dionysus and kill king, who is a son of one of the women
Aeschylus (ca. 525/524-456/455)
Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers (Choephoroi), & The Eumenides
The Persians, The Suppliants, Seven against Thebes, & Prometheus Bound(?) who wrote it?
still has 3 preserved( oresteia), very religious, old fashioned, archaic
Sophocles (ca. 496-406)
Ajax, Antigone, Trachinian Women, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes, & Oedipus at Colonus
Attic Comedy Aristophanes (ca. 446-386): 11 surviving plays:
The Clouds: satire of academia (Socrates, sophists)
Peace lampoons Euripides et al.
Lysistrata: withholding sex from husbands to stop the Peloponnesian War
The Wasps, The Birds, etc.
made fun of everyone (philosophers,
Herodotus of Halicarnassus, ca. 484-425
a travel writer that tells stories of the places he traveled…. Very biased
Thucydides (ca. 460-395http://open.spotify.com/track/1GVm1ptOlFOg8YTh1b61qe
was in the war, analyzed things (sceptic) long speeches (written in his style), he probably didn’t witness them though
Socrates (ca. 469-399)
we can all reach truth if someone asks the right questions (socratic method of inquiry)
Socrates is given the option to poison himself or be executed (for corrupting youth of athens)- disliked democracy
Plato
(ca. 428/427-348/347
PLATO (who was socrates’ student) PLATONIC FRIENDSHIPS/Academy (plato’s utopia)
The Peloponnesian War
(431-404)
1st phase of Peloponnesian War: Archidamian War (431-421)
Sparta attacked Attica, and Athens (superior navy) raided the coast of the Peloponnese. Peace of Nicias (421)
Peloponnesian War: Phase 2(420-413)
Even after Nicias, there was continuous fighting in the Peloponnese. Also, Athens sent a large expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily (415). The entire Athenian force is destroyed (413) Syracuse was one of wealthiest cities in this area- Everyone knew of the expedition weeks before it occurred, area was known for heavy storms- so you lose some ships
415-413: Athenian expedition to Sicily
Athens was weakened after the disaster of its expedition to Sicily (415-413): Darius II ordered his governors in Asia Minor to collect tribute from the Ionian Greek cities and to support Sparta —this probably contributed to the defeat of Athens by Sparta in the Peloponnesian war (404)
Alcibiades- Pretty boy had the idea to attack syracuse
- castrated statues Alcibiades’ alleged offenses (415):
- all the Athenian hermai were vandalized
- profanation of the Eleusinian Mysteries
Peloponnesian War: Phase 3
The Ionian War (412-404): Sparta (with Persian support) promoted rebellions among Athenian subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia. Thus, Athens lost its naval supremacy. The Athenian fleet was destroyed at Aegospotami (405), and Athens surrendered (404).- has battle : 405: Battle of Aegospotami
405-404: Siege of Athens
countryside moved into the city, a plague occurs (1st cases of bubonic plague???)
Persian interests
Persians take advantage of this ridiculousness, collect tribute from all Ionian cities, even though they were Athenian colonies (who no longer had a navy)
Started supporting sparta because they didn’t think it would amount to much, (regional power) but athens had too many allies to remain powerful
Defines the end of Peloponnesian war
FIGHTS PROXY WARS
The regime of the Thirty Tyrants
pro-Spartan oligarchy (Critias, etc.)
reduction of number of citizens with the right to vote
participation in legal functions limited to 500 citizens (previously, everyone)- limits to other rights
Democracy is restored in 403 (exiled general Thrasybulus & troops from Thebes), Start having powerful/wealthy indivduals seek help from mercenaries in order to take control of their own cities/ polis
Cyrus’ March (401)
Under Artaxerxes II (405-359), his brother Cyrus tried to take the throne with troops from Asia Minor and Greek mercenaries (the Greek historian Xenophon was among them→ Battle of Cunaxa
The March of the Ten Thousand & Xenophon
“the King’s Peace”
after artaxerxes incident -the Persian king was able to impose a peace treaty on the Greeks (“the King’s Peace”), which placed Asia Minor (Anatolia) under Persian control
Sparta & war with Persia (400-395)
Lysander (Sparta) had backed the expedition of Cyrus against Artaxerxes II
The Persians helped revolts against Sparta in Thebes and Corinth, which had supported Sparta during the Peloponnesian War but gained nothing afterwards
