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CAMS > Egypt > Flashcards

Egypt Flashcards

1
Q

Manetho

A

Egyptian priest, lived during Roman Empire, wrote in Greek. “A history of ancient Egypt” groups kings into surprisingly accurate dynsaties

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2
Q

intermediate periods

A

“unity” between N & S Egypt breaks down

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3
Q

King

A

acts as unifying religious/cultural figure, but governors hold the majority of the power

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4
Q

New Kingdom

A

2nd half of 2nd millenium, biggest, most well known kingdoms

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5
Q

Middle kingdom

A

1st 300 years of 2nd millenium, no major building projects

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6
Q

3rd intermediate, or Saite

A

foreign rulers (successors of Alexander the Great all split his land up and Ptolemaic Egypt begins)- Cleopatra and Marc Anthony

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7
Q

Lot of trade/contact with Uruk pd. Mesopatamia- similar counting devices/ containers, materials (imported) or Uruk pottery styles

A

otherwise geographically locked

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8
Q

several dialects

A

Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian

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9
Q

2 scripts

A

Hieroglyphs (used for walls) and Hieratic (hieratic is cursive version/ shorthand)

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10
Q

Demotic

A

a very late and quite different dialect of Egyptian, with its own script
shorthand of a shorthand, no articles are used shows up in 1st millenium, based off a tribe

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11
Q

coptic

A

language of Christians in Egypt (Copts), written with an adaptation of Greek alphabet
still used today sometimes

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12
Q

On Isis and Osiris

A

Plutarch

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13
Q

Predynastic Period

A

2nd half of 4th millenium
Upper Egypt: Naqada
Lower Egypt: Fayum (also point of split between the n&S)

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14
Q

pictures weren’t literal

A

often syllabic and literal mixed together (ie scorpian king)

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15
Q

Herodotus

A

ethnographers…. made fun of others~ prostitution story

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16
Q

Mastaba Tombs

A

flat, underground, in Abydos, funerary inscriptions (most of literary text is from these)

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17
Q

unification of predynastic

A

Meni (king Menes (in Manetho) = Min (in Herodotus)
Red-lower egypt
White- upper egypt

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18
Q

Narmer Palette

A

possibly decorative used to be for making perfumes
(narmer)- fish (mer)-chisel
one side is white crown (with man) other is red crown (winding necks)

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19
Q

Old Kingdom- Dynasties III-VI (ca. 2686–2181)

A

3 large pyramids at Giza

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20
Q

Dynasty III (Old Kingdom)

A

Djoser (step pyramid at Saqqara)

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21
Q

Dyn. IV (old Kingdom)

A

: Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus)- 3 giza pyramids
Necropolis near Memphis (Giza, Saqqara) and at Abydos

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22
Q

Weni’s Tomb at Abydos

A

relatively simple compared to style of the time (grave robbers?) huge autobiographical text

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23
Q

Necropolis

A

many pyramids were surrounded by funerary complexes

(caretakers)- now stand alone

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24
Q

First Intermediate Period (Dyn. VII-X & Early Dyn. XI (2180–2040)

A

decline leading to civil war

center shifts to Herakleopolis first and then to Thebes

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25
Q

reunification at end of First Intermediate Period

A

Mentuhotep II

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26
Q

Instructions

A

(Merikare, Ipuwer): restoring Ma‘at- becase upheaval was occurring

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27
Q

Ma’at

A

justice, truth, equilibrium- the feather of Ma’at (coptic jars, heart and feather, weight=judgement)

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28
Q

Middle Kingdom (ca. 2040–1730)Late Dynasty XI–Early Dynasty XIII

A

Extensive mining in the Sinai → Serabit el-Khadim (NW Semitic presence)
literature: Story of Sinuhe (courtier of Amnemhat I) - Middle Egyptian dialect (then “Late Middle Egyptian” as artificial lit. dialect) **very small buildings

29
Q

Dyn. XII: of middle kingdom

A

Amenemhat/Ammenemes I-IV, Sesostris I-III, Queen Sobeknefru (last monarch)

30
Q

Alphabetic inscription from the Sinai (“Proto-Sinaitic”)

A

Forerunner of phoenecian alphabet- alpha, resh…..

31
Q

Queen Sobeknefru

A

last monarch of middle kingdom, first queen to rule on her own

32
Q

Serabit el-Khadim

A

Extensive mining in the Sinai, where canaanites worked, basis of Exodus, cemetaries with graffiti

33
Q

literary language

A

middle egyptian, later middle egyptian

34
Q

arabia petria

A

stony desert, in arabia

35
Q

After 3rd intermediate pd, it got so bad that local powers moved into the vacuum left

A

-libyan dynasty
Meroidic
Persians (Cambyses II)- battle of marathon Xerxes fought most battles (he’s the one painted as evil)

36
Q

Proto-Sinaitic

A

before alphabet, in the sinai. not standardized

37
Q

Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1730–1550)Late Dynasty XIII–Dynasty XVII

A

Dyn. XV: Hyksos:rulers of foreign lands

Hyksos described as “Asiatic” and “men of Retenu”- levant area

38
Q

Avaris

A

political center in second intermediate (E Delta) Tell ed-Dab‘a (Minoan-styled wall paintings, as in the Greek islands of Crete and Thera)

39
Q

Fresco from Avaris (Tell ed-Dab‘a)

A

similar to: Fresco from Minoan palace in Crete (Knossos)

40
Q

New Kingdom (ca. 1550–1080)Dynasties XVIII-XX

A

Coregencies: Hatshepsut & Tuthmosis III
Dyn. XIX: Ramesses II, Merneptah
Dyn. XX: Ramesside dynasty (Ramesses III-XI)
Massive temples: Abu Simbel (Nubia); Karnak (Thebes); Abydos; Medinet Habu (W Thebes)

41
Q

damnatio memoriae

A

damaging of the memory, to erase the traces of existence or power)

42
Q

coregencies (ie. Hatesepshut)

A

Many coregencies occur because heir is too young, (favorite wife of the dead king, even though she was not the technical mother of Tuthmosis III)

43
Q

Hateshepsut

A

ruled as a male, widow of Tuthmosis II; regent for Tuthmosis III?) → she bears king’s cloths & royal beard

44
Q

Abu Simbel

A

Temple of Ramesses II, Southern most part of egypt

45
Q

Abu Simbel

A

: Temple of Nefertari (wife of Ramesses II)

46
Q

temple at karnak

A

Certain areas of temple are open because they’re worshipping the sun- Ra, Aten, Atum etc.
Hypostyle- means supported by columns, room full of them (actually to have much surface to paint on!)

47
Q

Annals of Tuthmosis III (New Kingdom)

A

on the walls of the Karnak temple (diary of his campaigns)

48
Q

Merneptah stela

A

Royal edicts & Royal inscriptions

49
Q

Report of Wenamun

A

fictional report of a man sent from Thebes to Byblos; end of NK
looking for timber (Egypt didn’t have this)

50
Q

between Ramesses II and Hattusili III (Hittite king)

A

treaty,
Tutankhamun
Dies as a young man, his widow writes to the hittites king and asks for a hubby?!

51
Q

Deir el-Medina

A

Administrative and economic documents ,ostraca and papyri. Many love poems come from here- written on sherd (broken pots)
Economic transactions about donkeys- main form of transport for artists goods
artist and crafstmen live here

52
Q

beginning of New Kingdom: Early Dyn. XVIII

A

( mythical king) Ahmose/Amose expelled the Hyksos (from 2nd IntMed Period) and pursued them into Palestine

53
Q

Tuthmosis I (New kingdom)

A

court switches from Thebes to Memphis, but Thebes is filled with huge public buildings: Karnak; Valley of the Kings; Valley of the Queens

54
Q

Tuthmosis III

A

large campaigns in Palestine, Syria, Mitanni, temple in Luxor, top of obelisk is Amun

55
Q

Amarna period (new Kingdom)

A

Amenhotep/Amenophis IV renamed himself Akhenaten and switched the royal center to Amarna (Akhetaten); married to Nefertiti
Amarna isn’t near Nile, so hard work for lower class, plus Akhenaten practices Henotheism (angers priests and common people) His name is later crossed off

56
Q

Nefertiti- married to Akhenaten/Amenophis IV

A

cult of Aten (the sun-disc) → damnatio memoriae

Nefer- beautiful one

57
Q

capitals of Egypt

A

Amarna- amarna period, Memphis, Luxor/Thebes, Avant- hyksos capital

58
Q

akhenaten iconography

A

marfan’s syndrome or Froelichs/adiposogenital, or ARTISITC REPRESENTATION, emphasis on belly button, is this because of fertility of the sun’s rays?

59
Q

Sety I: Dynasty XIX

A

Great Temple at Abydos
listing Egyptian kings beginning with Menes (funerary temple of Sety I in Abydos)- proves Manetho is mostly accurate (still missing dynasty 0 though)

60
Q

Ramesses II: Dynasty XIX

A

: long reign (ca. 68 years) → many children, succession problems?
battle of Kadesh between Ramesses II and the Hittite king Muwatalli → peace treaty between Ramesses II and Hattusili III → Hittite
funerary temple in theban necropolis

61
Q

Merneptah

A

stela (“Israel”), other places tried to imitate egyptian art in the ancient near east

62
Q

Abu Simbel

A

far south in egypt, shows rameses II “smashing enemies”

63
Q

Kadesh

A

Bekka valley (where Hezbollah is now)

64
Q

Rameses III**

A

Dynasty XX: country divided between north (Tanis) and south (Thebes) @ time of sea peoples, and 1200-1100 power vacuum

65
Q

Ramesses XI

A

11th century) → loss of royal power, civil war, division of Egypt
TANIS becomes power center over Thebes in dyn XXI
(gateway of levant and egypt, in delta)

66
Q

Third Intermediate Period (foreign rulers, continued break between n & S)

A

Dynasties XXI–XXV: a network of small states linked to each other
Dynasties XXII-XXIV 6rulers came from Libyan tribes
Dynasty XXV:Napatan Dynasty (Napatans from Nubia) & in 715 Egypt is annexed to Nubia
Assyrian invasion and defeat of the Napatans by Assurbanipal (mid 7th cent.)

67
Q

Dynasty XXVI = Saite Dyn

A

Psammetichus I …, Amasis, Psammetichus III
Demotic (both script and dialect) on papyri: legal documents, letters, literature, BUT hieroglyphics and “Middle Egyptian” still used on monumental inscriptions
Herodotus (book II) of histories

68
Q

Cambyses

A

conquers egypt: (525), when Psammetichus III was still trying to consolidate his rule: Egypt became a Persian province

69
Q

Alexander: greek conquerer

A

Ptolemy inherits and ptolemaic period commences

CAMS (18 decks)

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