The End of John Balliol: Berwick > Dunbar > Montrose Flashcards
When did Edwards army muster at Newcastle?
1st March 1296
Why did John not turn up to Newcastle on 1st March?
He failed to hand over Scottish castles of Edinburgh, Roxburgh and Jedburgh
When was the Scottish ‘host’ ordered to assemble at Caddonlea in the Boarders?
11th March 1296
What did the Scots see the assemble at Caddonlea in the boarders to be?
a rebellion against Edward’s overbearing treatment of their King and Kingdom.
Who struck first out of the scots at Caddonlea and the English at Newcastle and how was this done?
The Scots struck first, crossing the boarder, burning villages round Carlisle, but failing to take Carlisle itself as they lacked weapons, then they retreated back to Scotland.
What did Edward do in response to the Carlisle attack?
Edward crossed the Tweed and lay siege to Berwick, Scotland’s second largest most prosperous port.
How many people were killed in the siege of Berwick?
between 7,500 and 15,000.
Why did Edward justify so much killing in the Siege of Berwick?
Edward would have argued such killings were entirely within the rules of medieval warfare. A town that refused to surrender was liable to be dealt with in this way.
How many weeks to did Edward remain in Berwick?
4 weeks.
What did Edward do in Berwick for 4 weeks?
He improved the towns defences with a huge new ditch reportedly 80 feet wide and 40 feet deep. From this point on Berwick was part of England.
When was the Siege of Dunbar?
April 1296
Who was the Earl of Dunbar fighting for?
Edward
Describe the events of the Siege of Dunbar
Earl of Dunbar’s wife surrenders the castle to Scots.
Edward sent cavalry under John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey to lay siege on Dunbar castle
Warenne forces Scots relief force back to selkirk forest (40 miles away)
Scots were no match for Edward’s infantry, cavalry or use of Welsh longbow.
Scots were not united behind John
What did English Chroniclers say about the Siege of Dunbar?
They claimed it was a great English victory over the entire Scottish host.
Guisborough wrote that 10,000 ‘rebels’ were killed, while on the English side ‘not one man fell, except one foolhardy knight’
Who on the eve of Edward’s invasion of Scotland declared loyalty to Edward and chose to fight alongside the King of England against John? (4 people)
Earl of Dunbar, Earl of Angus, Robert Bruce lord of Annandale and Robert Bruce Earl of Carrick
