Battle of Falkirk Flashcards

1
Q

What position do the Scots take immediately?

A

The Scots take a defensive position to counter English cavalry.

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2
Q

Where specifically do the Scots take their position?

A

On a hard sloping ground between Callender Wood and marshy ground.

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3
Q

What did the bulk of Wallace’s army consist of?

A

Spearmen

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4
Q

How many schiltrons were Wallace’s men divided into?

A

4 schiltrons of around 1-2 thousand men.

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5
Q

What was each schiltron surrounded by?

A

Great wooden stakes fixed into the ground and tied together with ropes like a fence to obstruct passage of the english.

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6
Q

What was between each schiltron?

A

A few archers he had from Selkirk Forest. The archers were under the command of John Stewart, brother of James Steward.

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7
Q

What was behind each schiltron?

A

A small cavalry force of Scottish nobility, probably including the Comyn’s, James the Steward, Macduff of Fife and the Earls of Lennox, Atholl, Mentieth and Strathern.

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8
Q

When did Edwards army attack?

A

In the Early morning of 22nd of July.

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9
Q

Which of Edwards army led an attack on the left of the boggy marsh?

A

The Earls of Hereford, Lincoln and Norfolk.

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10
Q

Which of Edwards army led an attack on the right?

A

The Bishop of Durham, Anthony Bek

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11
Q

What did Wallace’s army now find themselves in?

A

A pincer movement.

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12
Q

What happened almost immediately?

A

Scots cavalry fled - could of been seen as treason but was actually very sensible.

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13
Q

Why did the Scottish schiltrons prove hard for the English cavalry to break down?

A

The spearmen attacked the horses not the mounted knights.

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14
Q

Who did the nights concentrate on?

A

the soft archers

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15
Q

When the English knights withdrew what happened?

A

Welsh long-bows and mercenary crossbowmen fired on the Scots - it was overwhelming.

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16
Q

After the long-bow and cross-bow men withdrew what happened?

A

The english cavalry moved in to finish the attack.

17
Q

What happened to Wallace?

A

He fled the battle when he knew it was lost.

18
Q

Who remained at the battle?

A

Macduff and John Stewart (brother of James the Steward) - they both died.