The Digestive System Flashcards
Give an example of physical digestion
Teeth
they tear, slice and grind the food
What are the 4 types of teeth?
-Incisors
-Canines
-Molars
-Premolars
What are incisors?
Chisel-shaped teeth at the front of the mouth used for cutting, slicing and biting
What are canines?
Long, pointed teeth that resemble fangs. They grip, stab and tear food
What are premolars?
Teeth with cusps (pointy edges)
What are molars?
Large teeth at the back of the mouth that crush and chew food
Name the parts of the digestive system
-Mouth
-Oesophagus
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Stomach
-Large intestine
-Small intestine
-Rectum
-Anus
-Salivary glands
-Gall bladder
What is the role of the mouth?
It takes in food
It physically breaks down the food using teeth and chemically breaks it down using an enzyme, amylase.
What is the role of the oesophagus?
It carries food from the mouth to the stomach
What is the role of the pancreas?
Makes enzymes
What is the role of the liver?
Produces liquid bile which helps digest fat
What is the role of the stomach?
-It churns food (Physical break down)
-Mixes Hydrochloric acid with the food (Chemical break down)
What is the role of the small intestine?
-Further digestion by enzymes
-Absorption of digested food into the blood
-Covered in villi
What is the role of the large intestine?
-Water is absorbed into the blood
-The waste that’s left is prepared for egestion
What is the role of the villi?
They provide an increased surface area to allow food to be absorbed into the bloodstream
What is the role of the rectum?
Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum before egestion
What is the role of the anus?
Faeces stimulate the rectum to contract and are passed out via the anus
What is the role of the salivary glands?
Makes saliva (containing amylase) to break down starch to smaller sugar
What is the role of the gall bladder?
Stores bile from the liver until it is needed
What are the 5 stages of nutrition?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Assimilation
- Egestion
Explain ingestion
taking food into the mouth (eating)
Explain digestion
Breaking down the food into smaller more absorbable food parts
Explain absorption
The smaller food parts passing into the blood system
(for delivery to all cells in the body)
Explain assimilation
The food being put to use by the cells
e.g. energy, growth, repair of new cells
Explain egestion
Passing any unabsorbed food out in the form of faeces
