Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of reproduction

A

The production of new individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction? Explain them.
xxx

A

⇒Asexual reproduction involves one parent, e.g. aphids, bacteria

⇒Sexual reproduction involves two parents, e.g. humans, lillies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics for a male human?
xxxx

A

-Growth of facial hair, pubic hair and body hair
-Build up of sebum (oil) which causes acne
-Voice deepens
-Muscle mass increases
-Broad shoulders develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics for a female human?
xxxx

A

-Growth of body hair (legs, under armpits)
-Pubic hair develops
-Widening of hips
-Build up of sebum(oil) which causes acne
-Increase in body fat
-Breasts develop
-Menstruation begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the parts of the human male reproductive system

A

-Testes
-Scrotum
-Sperm duct
-Glands
-Penis
-Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the parts of the human female reproductive system

A

-Fallopian tubes
-ovary
-Womb lining
-Cervix
-Womb
-Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Produces sperm and the hormone testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Holds the testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the sperm duct?

A

Carries sperm from the testis to the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the glands?

A

Produces fluid which feeds sperm and helps them to swim.
Fluid and sperm form semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

Delivers sperm inside the female reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Allows the passage of urine and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Produces eggs and the hormone estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

Carries eggs from the ovary to the womb.
Fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the womb?

A

Location of implantation.
The foetus grows here.
Wall of the womb forms placenta during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

Sperm enters here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Penis is placed here during sexual intercourse. Baby also exits here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens on day 1-5 during the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation occurs
(Breaking down of the uterus lining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens on day 6-13 during the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of the uterus builds back up, preparing for the arrival of an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens on day 15-28 during the menstrual cycle?

A

The womb-lining thickens on day 28 and if the female is not pregnant, menstruation will begin again

22
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

When the nucleus of the sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote

23
Q

What is implantation?

A

When the fertilised egg attaches to the lining of the womb

24
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A bundle of cells formed after fertilisation. It later turns into an embryo

25
Q

What is contraception?

A

Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy

26
Q

What are the 4 types of contraception?
xxxxx

A

⇒Natural
⇒Mechanical
⇒Chemical
⇒Surgical

27
Q

What is natural contraception?

A

Avoiding sexual intercourse during fertile period

28
Q

Explain mechanical contraception

A

It prevents sperm from reaching the egg. Condoms are an example of this and they also prevent sexually transmitted disease

29
Q

Explain chemical contraception

A

Using hormonal pills or implants

30
Q

Explain surgical contraception

A

⇒In males, the sperm duct can be cut which is called a vasectomy
⇒In females, the fallopian tubes can be cut which is called tubal ligation

31
Q

What is infertility?

A

The inability to conceive children

32
Q

What happens when males are infertile?
xxxxxx

A

-Low mobility sperm
-Low sperm count
-Blockage of sperm duct
-Mumps

33
Q

What are the causes of infertility in males?
xxxxxxxxx

A

-Low exercise levels
-Drugs/alcohol
-High fat/salt diet
-Stress levels

34
Q

How can you prevent infertility in males?
xxxxxxxxxxxx

A

-Change lifestyle
-Hormone supplements
-Surgery

35
Q

What happens when females are infertile?

A

The ovary does not release eggs

36
Q

What are the causes of infertility in females
xxxxxxx

A

-Stress
-Cancer
-Change in hormones
-Poor diet
-Low exercise levels

37
Q

What does IVF stand for?
xxxxxx

A

In-Vitro Fertilisation

38
Q

What is IVF?

A

It is a method used to help with fertility when pregnancy cannot happen naturally

39
Q

Briefly explain the process of IVF?

A

Eggs are removed from the ovary of the woman and mixed with the man’s sperm in a petri dish. If an embryo develops, it is placed back in the womb

40
Q

Arguments for IVF

A

-People with fertility issues can have babies with their own DNA
-Embryos can be selected to avoid genetic diseases
-Eggs can be used for research or donated to other childless couples
-Embryos can be frozen and used later

41
Q

Arguments against IVF

A

-Treatment can have negative side effects for the prospective mother
-If more than one embryo is implanted, multiple births may result. Complications may arise for the mother and the babies
-Treatment can be physically and emotionally stressful for the prospective parents
-Success rates are relatively low

42
Q

What is the process of pregnancy?

A
  1. Sexual intercourse occurs
  2. Fertilisation (egg + sperm = zygote)
  3. Implantation
  4. Pregnancy (9 months/ 40 weeks)
  5. Child birth
43
Q

What is pregnancy?
#x

A

The time taken for the foetus to develop in the womb

44
Q

What is the placenta?

A

It is a temporary organ that allows materials (e.g. oxygen) to pass between the mother and the foetus. The exchange occurs by diffusion

45
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A

-Oxygen and nutrients pass from the mother to the foetus
-Carbon dioxide and waste pass from the foetus to the mother

46
Q

What are the 3 stages of birth?

A

⇒Labour
⇒Delivery of the baby
⇒Delivery of the placenta

47
Q

Explain labour

A

-The muscles in the walls of the uterus begin to contract, causing the cervix to widen
-The amniotic sac bursts and fluid passes through the cervix and vaginal canal

48
Q

What happens during the delivery of the baby?

A

-The baby passes head first from the uterus through the cervix and out of the vagina
-The umbilical chord is clamped and cut

49
Q

What happens during the delivery of the placenta?

A

The placenta detaches from the uterus and passes out of the body as the after birth.

50
Q

What is lactation?

A

The production of breast milk

51
Q

What is colostrum?

A

-It is produced during the first three days after birth
-It is the yellowish, nutritious liquid which is rich in antibodies, proteins and minerals that protect the infant from infection

Science (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions