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Science > Human Nutrition > Flashcards

Human Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is human nutrition?

A

It describes the science of food and how it affects our health

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2
Q

What are the functions of food?

A

-Provides energy
-Provides raw materials for growth of new cells
-Repairs tissue

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3
Q

What are the 5 main food groups?

A

-Carbohydrates
-Fats
-Proteins
-Vitamins
-Minerals

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4
Q

What are the functions of water?

A

-For use in chemical reactions inside our cells
-To help transport substances throughout our bodies
-To help control our body temperature, e.g. sweat
-Remove waste from our bodies, e.g. urine

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5
Q

What is the main source of energy in the body?

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

-A diet that gives your body all the nutrients it needs to function correctly.
-Each food group needs to be present in the right amount

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7
Q

What is a food pyramid?

A

-It indicates suggested amounts that are needed each day from the food group
-In general, more foods are needed from the bottom of the pyramid, and less are needed from the top.
-This can differ for different people

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8
Q

How many Kilojoules do girls require per day?

A

10,000

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9
Q

How many Kilojoules do boys require per day?

A

12,000

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10
Q

What elements make up fats?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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11
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Provides energy for brain and blood cells

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12
Q

What is the function of fats?

A

-Provides insulation to keep the body warm
-Provides a protective layer around organs
-Form part of cell membranes
-Important source of energy in the body
-Waterproof layer on the skin

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13
Q

What are the elements in proteins?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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14
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

-They join with fats to form cell membranes
-They form hair, skin, feathers, nails, muscle, egg white and enzymes, antibodies and some hormones

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16
Q

What are some sources of proteins?

A

Meat
Fish
Eggs

17
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Sugars

18
Q

What are fats made up of?

A

Triglycerides

19
Q

Vitamin A:
1. Source
2. Function
3. Deficiency results in…

A
  1. Fish liver
    Carrots
    Whole milk
  2. Needed for good eyesight
  3. Poor skin
    Night blindness
20
Q

Vitamin B:
1. Source
2. Function
3. Deficiency results in…

A
  1. Wholemeal bread
    Red meat
    Leafy vegetables
  2. Controls the release of energy from food
  3. Issues for the nervous and muscular systems
21
Q

Vitamin C:
1. Source
2. Function
3. Deficiency results in…

A
  1. Citrus fruits
    Broccoli
    Potatoes
  2. Healthy gums and skin
  3. Scurvy
    Bleeding gums
    Wounds that heal slowly
22
Q

Vitamin D:
1. Source
2. Function
3. Deficiency results in…

A
  1. Sunshine
    Cod liver oil
    Dairy
  2. Needed for healthy bones and teeth
  3. Rickets
    Bones that are weak and deformed
23
Q

Vitamin K:
1. Source
2. Function
3. Deficiency results in…

A
  1. Green vegetables
    Bacteria living in the gut
  2. Needed to clot blood
  3. Wounds that heal slowly
24
Q

What are the 3 most important minerals for humans?

A

-Calcium
-Iron
-Magnesium

25
Q

Calcium:
1. Function
2. Source

A
  1. Strengthens bones and cell walls in plants
  2. Dairy
    Fish
    Nuts and seeds
26
Q

Iron:
1. Function
2. Source

A
  1. Forms haemoglobin
  2. Nuts and seeds
    Red meat
27
Q

Magnesium:
1. Function
2. Source

A
  1. Maintains nerve and muscle function in the body and to form chlorophyll
  2. Fish
    Nuts and seeds
    Watermelon
28
Q

Zinc:
1. Function
2. Source

A
  1. Immune system and to heal wounds
  2. Nuts and seeds
    Beef
    Dairy products
29
Q

Potassium:
1. Function
2. Source

A
  1. Helps muscles work, including your heart and breathing muscles.
  2. Fruits (bananas)
    Leafy greens
    Nuts

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