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MCAT > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

4 tenants of cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. The cell is basic unit of life
  3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
  4. Cells carry DNA and pass it down to daughter cells
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2
Q

2 reasons why viruses are not considered cells

A

They need a host to replicate and may carry RNA as genetic information

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3
Q

Nucleolus

A

Subsection of nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized

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4
Q

Cristae

A

Highly convoluted structures that increase surface area available for electron transport chain

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5
Q

Mitochondria have their own ____ and replicate via _______

A

genes and binary fission

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6
Q

Cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance

A

Transmission of genetic material independent of nucleus

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7
Q

How did mitochondria come about?

A

Engulfment of aerobic prokaryote by an anaerobic prokaryote.

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8
Q

Lysosome

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking many substrates, including those ingested by endocytosis, and cellular waste

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9
Q

Endosomes

A

transport, package, sort cell material travelling to and from the membrane. They transport to trans-golgi, cell membrane, or to lysosomes

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10
Q

Autolysis

A

Release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes that results in degradation of the cellular components and thus apoptosis

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11
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Detoxification of certain drugs and poisons. It also transports proteins from rough ER to golgi apparatus

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12
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain hydrogen peroxide. It’s primary function to breakdown of very long fatty acids via Beta oxidation.Also participate in synthesis for phospholipids and have some enxymes for pentose phosphate pathway

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13
Q

A cell involved in locomotion will have a lot of _____

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

A cell involved in secretion will have a lot of _______ and _____

A

Rough ER and Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Do blood cells have organelles?

A

No

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16
Q

Microfilaments resist _____ and _______.

A

compression and fracture

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17
Q

Microfilaments provide ________ to cell.

A

protection

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18
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cleavage furrow divides into daughter cells

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19
Q

Microtubules structure

A

Hollow polymers made up of tubulin

20
Q

Microtubule function

A

Primary pathway along which motor proteins like kinesin and dynesin carry vesicles

21
Q

Cilia

A

Cell projections involved in movement of materials along cell surface

22
Q

Flagella

A

Structures involved in movement of cell itself

23
Q

9+2 structure

A

Only in eukaryotic cilia and flagella: 9 microtubules surround 2 microtubules in center

24
Q

Centriole structure

A

Nine triplets of microtubules

25
Q

Intermediate filaments 4 roles

A
  1. cell-cell adhesion
  2. maintenance of cytoskeleton integrity
  3. Anchor organelles
  4. Withstand tension and allow for cell rigidity
26
Q

How can you use intermediate filaments to identify cells and tissues?

A

Identity of intermediate filaments is specific to cell type and tissue type.

27
Q

2 functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. cover body and line cavities

2. protect against pathogen invasion and dessication

28
Q

Basement layer

A

Connective tissue which attaches to epithelial tissue above it

29
Q

Parenchyma

A

Functional parts of organ which are constituted by epithelia

30
Q

Simple epithelia

A

One layer of cells

31
Q

Stratified epithelia

A

Multiple layers of cells

32
Q

Pseudostratified epithelia

A

Appear to be multiple layers because of differences in cell height but are one layer

33
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Cube-shaped cells

34
Q

Columnar cells

A

Long and thin cells

35
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flat and scalelike

36
Q

Connective tissue

A

Contributes to stroma or support structure and makes collagen and elastin to help make extracellular matrix

37
Q

6 examples of connective tissue

A

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blood

38
Q

Bacteria classification

A

Prokaryotes

39
Q

Bacteria DNA

A

single circular molecule of DNA concentrated in the nucleoid region

40
Q

3 similarities between archaea and eukaryotes

A

start translation with methionine, contain similar RNA polymerases, associate DNA with histones

41
Q

3 similarities between archaea and bacteria

A

single circular chromosome, divide by binary fission and similar structures

42
Q

Are archaea responsive to antibiotics?

A

No

43
Q

Fimbria

A

Bacteria cilia

44
Q

Antibiotics target

A

Bacterial ribosome

45
Q

Where do pathogenic bacteria live?

A

Intra and extracellular

MCAT (18 decks)

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