The Cell

Question 1

4 tenants of cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. The cell is basic unit of life
3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
4. Cells carry DNA and pass it down to daughter cells

Question 2

2 reasons why viruses are not considered cells

Answer 2

They need a host to replicate and may carry RNA as genetic information

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Subsection of nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized

Question 4

Cristae

Answer 4

Highly convoluted structures that increase surface area available for electron transport chain

Question 5

Mitochondria have their own ____ and replicate via _______

Answer 5

genes and binary fission

Question 6

Cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance

Answer 6

Transmission of genetic material independent of nucleus

Question 7

How did mitochondria come about?

Answer 7

Engulfment of aerobic prokaryote by an anaerobic prokaryote.

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking many substrates, including those ingested by endocytosis, and cellular waste

Question 9

Endosomes

Answer 9

transport, package, sort cell material travelling to and from the membrane. They transport to trans-golgi, cell membrane, or to lysosomes

Question 10

Autolysis

Answer 10

Release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes that results in degradation of the cellular components and thus apoptosis

Question 11

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Detoxification of certain drugs and poisons. It also transports proteins from rough ER to golgi apparatus

Question 12

Peroxisomes

Answer 12

Contain hydrogen peroxide. It’s primary function to breakdown of very long fatty acids via Beta oxidation.Also participate in synthesis for phospholipids and have some enxymes for pentose phosphate pathway

Question 13

A cell involved in locomotion will have a lot of _____

Answer 13

mitochondria

Question 14

A cell involved in secretion will have a lot of _______ and _____

Answer 14

Rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Do blood cells have organelles?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Microfilaments resist _____ and _______.

Answer 16

compression and fracture

Question 17

Microfilaments provide ________ to cell.

Answer 17

protection

Question 18

Cytokinesis

Answer 18

Cleavage furrow divides into daughter cells

Question 19

Microtubules structure

Answer 19

Hollow polymers made up of tubulin

Question 20

Microtubule function

Answer 20

Primary pathway along which motor proteins like kinesin and dynesin carry vesicles

Question 21

Cilia

Answer 21

Cell projections involved in movement of materials along cell surface

Question 22

Flagella

Answer 22

Structures involved in movement of cell itself

Question 23

9+2 structure

Answer 23

Only in eukaryotic cilia and flagella: 9 microtubules surround 2 microtubules in center

Question 24

Centriole structure

Answer 24

Nine triplets of microtubules

Question 25

Intermediate filaments 4 roles

Answer 25

1. cell-cell adhesion 2. maintenance of cytoskeleton integrity 3. Anchor organelles 4. Withstand tension and allow for cell rigidity

Question 26

How can you use intermediate filaments to identify cells and tissues?

Answer 26

Identity of intermediate filaments is specific to cell type and tissue type.

Question 27

2 functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 27

1. cover body and line cavities | 2. protect against pathogen invasion and dessication

Question 28

Basement layer

Answer 28

Connective tissue which attaches to epithelial tissue above it

Question 29

Parenchyma

Answer 29

Functional parts of organ which are constituted by epithelia

Question 30

Simple epithelia

Answer 30

One layer of cells

Question 31

Stratified epithelia

Answer 31

Multiple layers of cells

Question 32

Pseudostratified epithelia

Answer 32

Appear to be multiple layers because of differences in cell height but are one layer

Question 33

Cuboidal cells

Answer 33

Cube-shaped cells

Question 34

Columnar cells

Answer 34

Long and thin cells

Question 35

Squamous cells

Answer 35

Flat and scalelike

Question 36

Connective tissue

Answer 36

Contributes to stroma or support structure and makes collagen and elastin to help make extracellular matrix

Question 37

6 examples of connective tissue

Answer 37

bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blood

Question 38

Bacteria classification

Answer 38

Prokaryotes

Question 39

Bacteria DNA

Answer 39

single circular molecule of DNA concentrated in the nucleoid region

Question 40

3 similarities between archaea and eukaryotes

Answer 40

start translation with methionine, contain similar RNA polymerases, associate DNA with histones

Question 41

3 similarities between archaea and bacteria

Answer 41

single circular chromosome, divide by binary fission and similar structures

Question 42

Are archaea responsive to antibiotics?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Fimbria

Answer 43

Bacteria cilia

Question 44

Antibiotics target

Answer 44

Bacterial ribosome

Question 45

Where do pathogenic bacteria live?

Answer 45

Intra and extracellular