Social Interaction Flashcards
Status
Position in society used to classify individuals
Ascribed status
Involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on.
Achieved status
Voluntarily earned by individual
Master status
Status by which an individual is primarily identified
Role
Set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social instituion
Role performance
Refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role
Role partner
Another individual who helps define a specific role within the relationship
Role set
Contains all of the different roles associated with a status
Role conflict
When one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
Role strain
Occurs when one has difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously
Groups
Made up of one or two more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity
Peer group
Self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, and statuses
Family group
Group into which individual is born, adopted, or married
In-group
One with which person identifies with
Out-group
One with which person competes with or opposes
Reference group
Group to which an individual compares him- or herself
Primary groups
Those that contain strong, emotional bonds
Secondary groups
Often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
Community
Group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
Society
Group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal
Groupthink
When members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives
Network
Observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
Organizations
Bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership within the organization.
Basic model
There are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
Social construction model
Emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
Display rules
Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
Cultural syndrome
Shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
Impression management
Maintenance of public image, which is accomplished via different strategies.
Self-disclosure
Sharing factual information
Managing appearances
Using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image
Ingratiation
Using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
Aligning actions
Use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
Alter-casting
imposing an identity onto another person
Dramaturgical approach
Individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
Front stage
Where individual is seen by an audience and strives to preserve his desired image
Back stage
Where individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
Verbal communication
Conveyance of information though spoken, written, or signed words
Nonverbal communication
Conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures
Animal communication
Can happen between animals themselves as well as between an animal and a human. Animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate
