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MCAT > Social Thinking > Flashcards

Social Thinking Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Is what makes people like each other and is influenced by multiple factors

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2
Q

Golden ratio

A

Physical attractiveness, which is increased with symmetry and proportions close to the golden ratio

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3
Q

What else influences interpersonal attraction?

A

Similar attitudes, intelligence, education, height, age, religion, appearance, socioeconomic status

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4
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Includes sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and nonjudgement

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5
Q

Reciprocity

A

In which we like people who we think like us

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6
Q

Proximity

A

Being physically close to someone

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7
Q

Aggression

A

Physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance

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8
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional bond to another person, and usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver.

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9
Q

Secure attachment

A

Requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore, knowing he or she has a secure base to return to; the child will show strong preference for the caregiver

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10
Q

Avoidant attachement

A

Occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child; the child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers

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11
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful; the child will become distressed when the caregiver leaves and is ambivalent (mixed feelings) when he or she leaves

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12
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive; the child shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence and may show repetitive behaviors

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13
Q

Social support

A

Perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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14
Q

Emotional support

A

Includes listening to, affirming, and empathizing with someone’s feelings

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15
Q

Esteem support

A

Affirms the qualities and skills of the person

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16
Q

Material support

A

Providing physical or monetary resources to aid a person

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17
Q

Informational support

A

Providing useful information to a person

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18
Q

Network support

A

Providing a sense of belonging to a person

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19
Q

Foraging

A

Searching for and exploiting food resources

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20
Q

Mating system

A

Describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

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21
Q

Monogamy

A

Exclusive mating relationships

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22
Q

Polygamy

A

Consists of one member of a sex having multiple exclusive relationships with members of the opposite sex, including polygyny ( a male with multiple females), and polyandry ( a female with multiple males)

23
Q

Promiscuity

A

Allows a member of one sex to mate with any member of the opposite sex without exclusivity

24
Q

Mate choice/intersexual selection

A

Selection of a mate based on attractions and traits

25
Q

Altruism

A

Form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him- or herself

26
Q

Game theory

A

Attempts to explain decision-making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

27
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Measure of an organism’s success in the population. This is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others

28
Q

Social perception/social cognition

A

Way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment. It contains a perceiver, his or her target, and the situation or social context of the scenario

29
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

People make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and their behaviors are related

30
Q

Primacy effect

A

When first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions

31
Q

Recency effect

A

When the most recent information we have about an individual is most important in forming our relationships

32
Q

Reliance on central traits

A

Tendency to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver

33
Q

Halo effect

A

When judgments of an individual’s character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual

34
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

Tendency to believe that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

35
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Individuals will view their own successes as being based on internal factors, while viewing failures as being based on external factors

36
Q

Attribution theory

A

Tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior.

37
Q

Disposition (internal) causes

A

Those that relate to the features of the person whose behavior is being considered

38
Q

Situational (external) causes

A

Related to features of the surroundings or social context

39
Q

Correspondent inference theory

A

Used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another person

40
Q

Fundamental attribution theory

A

Bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regard to the actions of others

41
Q

Attribute substitution

A

Occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heurisitic

42
Q

Attribution and culture relationship

A

Attributions are highly influenced by the culture in which one resides

43
Q

Stereotypes

A

When attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals

44
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Stereotypes can lead to expectations of a certain groups, which can create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype

45
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

46
Q

Prejudice

A

Irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing prior to actual experience

47
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture

48
Q

In-group

A

Social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging

49
Q

Out-group

A

Social group in which an individual does not identify

50
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied in their own terms

51
Q

Discrimination

A

Prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others

52
Q

Individual discrimination

A

One person discriminating against a particular group or person

53
Q

Institutional discrimination

A

Discrimination against a particular person or group by an entire insitution

MCAT (18 decks)

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