The Breast

Question 1

galactorrhea

Answer 1

milk production when you’re not pregnant

Question 2

gynecomastia

Answer 2

breast development in men

Question 3

BRCA

Answer 3

• gene that can cause breast cancer if there is a mutation in it
• normally, gene encodes protein for DNA repairnel

Question 4

Fibroadenoma

Answer 4

• benign lump of solid tissue and well defined
• common in young women
• size doesn’t change

Question 5

Fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 5

• cysts that form and ducts enlarge with fluid inside
• etiology: unknown
• common in 20-40 yrs
• pain, lump, size change, nipple discharge,

Question 6

glandular tissue

Answer 6

• lubules and ducts

- exocrine glands

Question 7

stromal tissue

Answer 7

• supporting tissue

- fat and fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

mammogram

Answer 8

• most useful screening test for breast cancer in menopause women whose breast contain more fat and less glandular tissue
• base line age of screening 35-40 yrs

Question 9

acute mastitis

Answer 9

• inflammation of breast
• usually due to staph infection
• swelling, pain, redness, lump
• common in women breastfeeding in first 6 months

Question 10

breast carcinoma

Answer 10

• arises from duct-lobular unit
• age associated
• types: familiar and sporadic

Question 11

risk factors of breast cancer

Answer 11

• prolonged estrogen exposure (no children, not breast feeding, early mecharche, late menopause)
• alcohol
• senedntary life
• white
• hormone replacement therapy
• occurs in both genders, more common women

Question 12

CIS/invasive breast cancer

Answer 12

• CIS: 5 year survival rate is 93%

- invasive: most common diagnosis

Question 13

degree of differentiation

Answer 13

• well differentiated: less severe, resembles normal breast tissue
• undifferentiated: more severe

Question 14

sentinel lymph nodes

Answer 14

lymph node in breast that can be biopsied for diagnosis

Question 15

lumpectomy

Answer 15

cut out lump in breast and tissue around it to ensure it is all taken out

Question 16

Estrogen and Progesterone receptor

Answer 16

• tumor will have a hormone receptor on it and will cause it to grow
• drug is given to block the receptor
• if you have this it is positive

Question 17

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor)

Answer 17

-HER2+ tumors are aggressive and less responsive to hormone treatment

Question 18

Triple Negative

Answer 18

• more difficult to treat

- No hormone receptors and no HER+

Question 19

recurrent metastatic breast carcinoma

Answer 19

• cancer appears years after the original tumor has been removed
• treatment is focused on controlling growth, relieving symptoms, and improving quality of life

Question 20

Hormone replacement therapy

Answer 20

there is a risk related to hormone treatment because long term use can increase risk of breast and ovarian cancer

Question 21

main function of breast

Answer 21

milk production

Question 22

what does fatty tissue look like in mammogram

Answer 22

dark

Question 23

what does fibrous and glandular tissue look like on mammogram

Answer 23

white strands

Question 24

what do cysts and benign tumors look like on mammogram

Answer 24

well circumscribed (clear)

Question 25

what does a malignant tumor look like on mammogram

Answer 25

irregular border and frequently contains flecks of calcium

Question 26

MRI

Answer 26

• more sensitive than x-ray
• better at detecting small carcinoma
• also detects non significant changes in breast

Question 27

ultrasound

Answer 27

-can differentiate between solid tissue and fluid filled benign cysts

Question 28

what causes gynecomastia in men?

Answer 28

• puberty
• medication
• loss of liver function https://www.brainscape.com/l/study?classes=18633971-10782014(metabolizes estrogen)
• can be bilateral or unilateral