GI tract Exam 4 Flashcards
malabsorption
failure to digest and or absorb food
cause of malabsorption
disease that posess that impair enzymatic activity and absorption of nutrients across the gastrointenstinal epithelium
lactose intolerance
-deficiency of lastase enzyme that normally breaks down lactose
what occurs in the LI in lactose intolerance
dairy enters the LI and bacteria ferments it creating a build up of byproduct creating osmotic effect (bloating/gas)
symptoms of lactose intolerance
- bloating
- diarrhea
- cramping
celiac disease
autoimmune disease causing an allergy to gluten
-gluten causes immune system to attack villus of small intenstine
symptoms of celiac disease
- stomach pain
- bloating
- gas
- fat in stool (floats and looks clay colored)
- weight loss
- malnutrition
treatment of celiac disease
- gluten alternatives
- own cookware because they are very sensitive
enterocolitis
inflammation of the small and large intestine
cause of enterocolitis
-pathogen (virus and bacteria less common) causing diarrhea (3x day)
what group does enterocolitis effect the most?
children, elderly and pregnant women
wha causes death in children from enterocolitis
children die due to dehydration
appendicitis
- inflammation of appendix
- most common in teens and young adults
cause of appendicitis
-infection or obstruction
symptoms of appendicitis
- pain in lower right quadrant
- nausea
- vomiting
- fever
- in serious cases: inflammation of abdominal cavity
Types of Inflammatory bowel disease
crohns and ulcerative colitis
crohns disease
- occurs in patchy/regional areas
- can affect anywhere from mouth to anus
- transmural: across the wall, entire wall of GI tract inflammed
risk factors for crohns disease
- females
- whites
- smokers
ulcerative colitis
-only affects colon and mucosa
crohns disease vs ulcerative colitis
signs and symptoms are the same, however the areas and parts of GI tract affected are different
characteristics of crohns and ulcerative colitis
- bloody diarrhea
- crampy abdominal pain
what causes crohns and ulcerative colitis
-an inappropaite immune response (not an autoimmune disorder)
what is the peak age for crohns and ulcerative colitis
15-30 years old
diverticulosis
- small pouches that push out into weak spots of the colon wall
- almost always found in the sigmoid colon
diverticulitis
if diverticulosis become inflammed
complications of divertisulitis
- pain
- bleeding
- abscess
- perforation
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
types of peritonitis
- infectious
- sterile
infectious peritonitis
usually always due to bacteria from bowel due to perforation
sterile peritonitis
inflammation not due to bacteria
esophageal carcinoma
- tobacco and alcohol main risk
- poor prognosis: 5 years
- metastize early
- most common symptom of dyspagia
gastric carcinoma
- wordwide as deadly as lung cancer
- asymptomatic until it spreads
- 5 year survival rate
risk factors for gastric carcinoma
- H. Pylori
- Chronic gastritis
- diet high in smoked, pickled, or salt-preserved foods
- diet low in fruits and veggies
colon cancer
-begins with polyps
polyps
premalignant growth in lumen of colon
treatment of colon cancer
- radiation
- chemo
- surgery
risk factors for colon cancer
- age
- family history
- polyps
- red meat
- inflammatory bowel disease
manifestations of colon cancer
- blood in stool
- alterted bowel movements
- iron deficency anemia
diagnosis of colon cancer
requires histologic confirmation
screening for colon cancer
- ) occult blood test:
- ) colonscopy
- ) cologuard test
occult blood test
- looks for hidden blood in stool
- not sensitive, but used over long periods of time
cologuard test
detects genetic abnormalities in colonic epithelial cells shed in stool
organ failure of GI tract
-failure of absorption can be tolerated for only several days
