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Understanding Human Disease > GI tract Exam 4 > Flashcards

GI tract Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

malabsorption

A

failure to digest and or absorb food

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2
Q

cause of malabsorption

A

disease that posess that impair enzymatic activity and absorption of nutrients across the gastrointenstinal epithelium

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3
Q

lactose intolerance

A

-deficiency of lastase enzyme that normally breaks down lactose

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4
Q

what occurs in the LI in lactose intolerance

A

dairy enters the LI and bacteria ferments it creating a build up of byproduct creating osmotic effect (bloating/gas)

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5
Q

symptoms of lactose intolerance

A
  • bloating
  • diarrhea
  • cramping
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6
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disease causing an allergy to gluten

-gluten causes immune system to attack villus of small intenstine

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7
Q

symptoms of celiac disease

A
  • stomach pain
  • bloating
  • gas
  • fat in stool (floats and looks clay colored)
  • weight loss
  • malnutrition
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8
Q

treatment of celiac disease

A
  • gluten alternatives

- own cookware because they are very sensitive

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9
Q

enterocolitis

A

inflammation of the small and large intestine

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10
Q

cause of enterocolitis

A

-pathogen (virus and bacteria less common) causing diarrhea (3x day)

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11
Q

what group does enterocolitis effect the most?

A

children, elderly and pregnant women

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12
Q

wha causes death in children from enterocolitis

A

children die due to dehydration

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13
Q

appendicitis

A
  • inflammation of appendix

- most common in teens and young adults

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14
Q

cause of appendicitis

A

-infection or obstruction

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15
Q

symptoms of appendicitis

A
  • pain in lower right quadrant
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • in serious cases: inflammation of abdominal cavity
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16
Q

Types of Inflammatory bowel disease

A

crohns and ulcerative colitis

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17
Q

crohns disease

A
  • occurs in patchy/regional areas
  • can affect anywhere from mouth to anus
  • transmural: across the wall, entire wall of GI tract inflammed
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18
Q

risk factors for crohns disease

A
  • females
  • whites
  • smokers
19
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

-only affects colon and mucosa

20
Q

crohns disease vs ulcerative colitis

A

signs and symptoms are the same, however the areas and parts of GI tract affected are different

21
Q

characteristics of crohns and ulcerative colitis

A
  • bloody diarrhea

- crampy abdominal pain

22
Q

what causes crohns and ulcerative colitis

A

-an inappropaite immune response (not an autoimmune disorder)

23
Q

what is the peak age for crohns and ulcerative colitis

A

15-30 years old

24
Q

diverticulosis

A
  • small pouches that push out into weak spots of the colon wall
  • almost always found in the sigmoid colon
25
Q

diverticulitis

A

if diverticulosis become inflammed

26
Q

complications of divertisulitis

A
  • pain
  • bleeding
  • abscess
  • perforation
27
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

28
Q

types of peritonitis

A
  • infectious

- sterile

29
Q

infectious peritonitis

A

usually always due to bacteria from bowel due to perforation

30
Q

sterile peritonitis

A

inflammation not due to bacteria

31
Q

esophageal carcinoma

A
  • tobacco and alcohol main risk
  • poor prognosis: 5 years
  • metastize early
  • most common symptom of dyspagia
32
Q

gastric carcinoma

A
  • wordwide as deadly as lung cancer
  • asymptomatic until it spreads
  • 5 year survival rate
33
Q

risk factors for gastric carcinoma

A
  • H. Pylori
  • Chronic gastritis
  • diet high in smoked, pickled, or salt-preserved foods
  • diet low in fruits and veggies
34
Q

colon cancer

A

-begins with polyps

35
Q

polyps

A

premalignant growth in lumen of colon

36
Q

treatment of colon cancer

A
  • radiation
  • chemo
  • surgery
37
Q

risk factors for colon cancer

A
  • age
  • family history
  • polyps
  • red meat
  • inflammatory bowel disease
38
Q

manifestations of colon cancer

A
  • blood in stool
  • alterted bowel movements
  • iron deficency anemia
39
Q

diagnosis of colon cancer

A

requires histologic confirmation

40
Q

screening for colon cancer

A
  1. ) occult blood test:
  2. ) colonscopy
  3. ) cologuard test
41
Q

occult blood test

A
  • looks for hidden blood in stool

- not sensitive, but used over long periods of time

42
Q

cologuard test

A

detects genetic abnormalities in colonic epithelial cells shed in stool

43
Q

organ failure of GI tract

A

-failure of absorption can be tolerated for only several days

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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