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Understanding Human Disease > Liver and Pancreas Exam 4 > Flashcards

Liver and Pancreas Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver

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2
Q

cirrhosis

A
  • liver failure due to scar tissue

- end-stage of chronic liver disease

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3
Q

bilirubin

A
  • heme converted into bilirubin

- bilirubin excreted into urine and stool (gives color)

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4
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

gallstone in gallbladder or bilirary tree

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5
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

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6
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A
  • CNS disorder due to liver disease

- toxins build in blood and travel to brain

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7
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of smelly and greasy looking stool that floats in water

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8
Q

steatohepatitis

A

fat accumulation in liver leading to inflammation

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9
Q

jaundice

A

high level of bilirubin causes skins and eyes to appear yellow

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10
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

swelling of liver

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11
Q

liver function test

A

tests enzymes, albumin level, and clotting time

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12
Q

what enzymes will leak into blood if hepatocytes are damaged?

A
  1. ) asparate aminotransferase
  2. ) alanine aminotrasnferase
  3. ) alkaline phosphate
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13
Q

characteristics of hepatisis A

A
  • fecal-oral transmission
  • no treatment (acute and self-limiting)
  • acute
  • vaccine present
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14
Q

characteristics of hepatisis B

A

-transmitted via blood, body fluids, or shared needles
-acute or chronic, but chronic rare)
0vaccine available

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15
Q

characteristics of hepatitis C

A
  • spread via blood to blood
  • 80% will become chronic (can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis)
  • no vaccine
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16
Q

Characterisitcs of Hepatitis D

A
  • needs hepatitis b for replication

- vaccine for HBV, so liklihood of getting HDV is rare

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17
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • fecal oral transmission

- mild and self-limiting

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18
Q

fatty liver disease

A
  • fat accumulation in hepatocytes secondary to injury
  • liver looks yellow
  • impairs liver function, but reversible
  • can lead to steatohepatitis
19
Q

what are the most common causes of fatty liver disease

A

obesity and alcohol

20
Q

bilirubin metabolism

A

hemoglobin to heme to bilirubin to being excreted out body

21
Q

types of gallstones

A
  • cholesterol

- pigmented: bilirubin

22
Q

risk factors for gallstones

A
  • age
  • women
  • obesity
  • family history
23
Q

complications of gallstones

A
  • Cholecystitis
  • perforation
  • infection
  • gallbladder cancer
  • pancreatitis
24
Q

cause of jaundice

A
  • build up of bilirubin

- inflamed liver or obstructed bile duct

25
Q

primary liver cancer

A

cancer originated in the liver

-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV)

26
Q

metastatic liver caner

A

cancer originated in another place and spread to the liver

-majority of liver cancers are metastatic

27
Q

function of pancreas

A
  • Endocrine: islets of Langerhans cells produce insulin and glucagon
  • Exocrine: secrete digestive enzymes into pancreatic duct
28
Q

pancreatitis

A
  • inflammation of pancreas

- associated with alcohol or gallstones

29
Q

symptoms of pancreatitis

A
  • upper abdominal pain
  • anorexia
  • malabsorption
  • hemorrhagic pancreatitis
30
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A
  • reversible

- rapid onset of symptoms

31
Q

causes of acute pancreatitis

A
  • chronic alcohol use

- gallstones

32
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis

A
  • irreversible

- caused by repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis (alcohol or gallstones)

33
Q

what conditions cause chronic injury to pancrease?

A
  1. ) cystic fibrosis
  2. ) acute pancreatitis
  3. ) repeated gallstones
  4. ) obstruction of pancreatic duct by disease
34
Q

what occurs in chronic pancreatitis

A

-fibrosis (scar tissue) of pancreas

35
Q

symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

A
  • malabsorption
  • steatorrhea
  • hemorrhage
36
Q

complications of chronic pancreatitis?

A

diabetes

37
Q

pancreatic cancer

A
  • tumors in islet cells or pancreatic duct (more common)

- mostly occurring in the head of the pancreas

38
Q

prognosis of pancreatic cancer

A
  • poor prognosis

- deadly because there is no screening test for it

39
Q

risk factors for pancreatic cancer

A
  • black
  • age
  • overweight/obesity
  • smoking
  • pancreatitis
  • family history
  • heavy alcohol consumption
40
Q

Alcoholic Liver Disease

A

a group of structural and functional changes in the liver resulting from excessive alcohol consumption

41
Q

stages of progression in alcoholic liver disease

A
  1. ) alcoholic fatty liver
  2. ) alcoholic hepatitis
  3. ) alcoholic cirrhosis
42
Q

function of liver

A
  1. ) excrete bile into gallbladder
  2. ) hepatic portal system: drains blood from GI organs
  3. ) hepatocytes make albumin to maintain osmotic pressure
43
Q

liver sinusoids

A

special capillaries in the liver that are leaky

44
Q

kupffer cells

A

macrophages that stay permeant in the liver

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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