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Understanding Human Disease > Female Repro System Exam 4 > Flashcards

Female Repro System Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

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2
Q

metorrhagia

A

irregular menstrual bleeding

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3
Q

amennorrhea

A

absence of period for 3 consecutive months

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4
Q

dysmennorhea

A

painful periods

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of abnormal repro tract

A
  • amennorhea
  • metorrhagia
  • menorrhagia
  • vaginal discharge
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6
Q

infections of repro tract

A
  • STD
  • fungus
  • vaginitis
  • cervictits
  • salpingitis
  • PID
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7
Q

endometriosis

A

functioning endometrium outside of the uterus

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of endometriosis

A
  • pain in pelvic area
  • infertility
  • bleeding
  • adhesions of internal organs
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9
Q

complications of endometriosis

A

-infertility

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10
Q

most common cause of irregular uterine bleeding

A
  • follice fails to mature and no corpus luteum is formed meaning no progesterone is produced
  • causes anovolatory
  • uterus continues to make estrogen and sheds endometrium irregularly
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11
Q

other causes of irregular bleeding

A
  1. ) endometrial or cervical polyps
  2. ) uterine leiomyomas
  3. ) uterine carcinoma
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12
Q

uterine leiomyoma

A

-fibroids (benign tumors of myoma)

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13
Q

risk factors for uterine leiomyoma

A
  • age (30)
  • obesity
  • family history
  • african carribean descent
  • not having had children
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14
Q

signs and symptoms of uterine leiomyoma

A
  • bladder region: urinary frequency and dysuria
  • rectal region: anal-sphincter spasms
  • abdominal fullness
  • change in menstraution
  • irregular bleeding
  • dysmennorhea
  • pain
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15
Q

treament of uterine leiomyoma

A
  • no treatment if small
  • oral contraceptives
  • removal by surgery
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16
Q

causes of amenorrhea

A
  • hypothalamic, pituitary, or endocrine dysfunction
  • congenital or acquired abnormalities
  • extreme weight loss
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17
Q

consequences of amenorrhea

A
  • no pregnancy

- loss of bone mineral density

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18
Q

treatment for amenorrhea

A

oral hormones

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19
Q

types of dysmennorhea

A
  • primary

- secondary

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20
Q

primary dysmennorhea

A

-pelvic organ is normal

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21
Q

secondary dysmennorhea

A

-pelvic organ disease

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22
Q

etiology of dysmennorhea

A

prostaglandins cause cramping of the myometrium

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23
Q

what is the most common cancer of the female repro tract

A

endometrial carcinoma

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24
Q

endometrial carcinoma

A

cancer of the endometrium

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25
Q

symptoms of endometrial cancer

A

-abnormal uterine bleeding

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26
Q

risk for endometrial cancer

A
  • age
  • obesity
  • excess estrogen exposure (hormone replacement therapy)
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27
Q

treatment for endometrial cancer

A
  • hysterectomy

- good prognosis

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28
Q

cervical polyps

A

benign tumors in cervical canal

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29
Q

characteristics of cervical polyps

A
  • many asymptomatic
  • can lead to metrorrhagia
  • treatment is removal
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30
Q

cervical dysplasia

A
  • abnormal growth if cervical squamous epithelium
  • range from mild to severe
  • severe is precancerous
  • pap smear screens for it
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31
Q

treatment of cervical dysplasia

A
  • HPV

- multiple sex partners’-certain HLA genotypes

32
Q

what is the progression of cervical cancer?

A
  1. ) cervical dysplasia
  2. ) cervical carcinoma in situ
  3. ) invasive cervical carcinoma
33
Q

risk factors for cervical cancer

A

HPV

34
Q

vaginal cancer

A

rare

35
Q

types of vaginal cancer

A
  • squamous cell

- adenocarcinoma (cancer of glands)

36
Q

signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer

A
  • usually asymptomatic
  • found in routine gynecological exams
  • HPV is a risk factor
37
Q

cause/contributers to ovarian cyst

A
  • unknown cause

- could be from hypothydrodism or early age of menarche

38
Q

signs and symptoms of ovarian cyst

A
  • most asymptomatic
  • abdominal fullness
  • low back pain
  • nausea and vomitting
  • abnormal uterine bleeding
39
Q

risk for ovarian cyst

A

twisting of the fallopian tubes shutting of blood supply

40
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

A

cysts in the ovaries

41
Q

cause of PCOS

A
  • follicles develop but no ovulation occurs after the LH surge
  • high LH levels persits
42
Q

what occurs with PCOS due to high LH

A
  • insulin resistance
  • hypothyrodism
  • dyslipemia
  • male pattern hair growth
  • more interference with ovulation
43
Q

treatment for PCOS

A

no cure, treatment based on if you want kids

  • no kids: oral contraceptives
  • kids: fertility medications
44
Q

ovarian cancer prognosis

A
  • poor prognosis (25% 5 year survival rate)

- age assocaited

45
Q

what is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers?

A

ovarian cancer

46
Q

symptoms of ovarian cancer

A

-not many symptoms (pain and abdominal fullness)

47
Q

risk factors for ovarian cancer

A
  1. ) BRCA 1 and 2 genes
  2. ) Child/pregnancy: reduces risk
  3. )lactation: reduces risk
  4. ) oral contraceptives: reduce risk
  5. ) hormone replacement therapy
48
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory disease

A

-infection of the female repro tract that starts with a bacterial STD and isn’t treated

49
Q

symptoms of PID

A
  • pain in lower abdomen
  • fever
  • unusual discharge
50
Q

complication of PID

A
  • scar tissue
  • infertility
  • ectopic pregnancy
51
Q

menopause

A

women no longer gets their period

52
Q

what occurs with menopause?

A
  1. ) decreased ovarian function
  2. ) low estrogen levels
  3. ) less inhibition of pituitary which increases FHS and LH and causes hot flashes
53
Q

risks during menopause

A

-increased risk for osteoporosis and atheroscelrosis due to low estrogen levels

54
Q

natural family planning

A
  • avoid intercourse at time of ovulation

- most likely to get pregnant during 9-14 days of menstruation

55
Q

barrier method

A
  • method that stops semen from entering vagina
  • condoms, cervical cap, or diaphgram
  • no side effects and effective
56
Q

oral contraceptives

A
  • stops ovulation

- side effects: increased risk for blood clot and hypertension

57
Q

intrauterine contracpetive device (IUD)

A

prevents implantation

58
Q

emergency contraceptive

A
  • prevents pregnancy following unprotected sex or sexual assault
  • interferes with ovulation, tubal transport of ovum, and implantation
59
Q

female etiology of infertility

A
  1. ) hormonal imbalance
  2. ) structural problem
  3. ) eating/nutritonal disorder
60
Q

lifestyle factors of infertility

A
  1. ) emotional stress
  2. ) obesity
  3. ) malnutrition
  4. ) alcohol
  5. ) tobacco or drugs
  6. ) cancer or cancer treamtnet
  7. ) age
61
Q

importance of placenta

A
  1. ) secretes estreogen, progesterone, and human chprionic gonadotropin
  2. ) exchanges gas and waste products from fetus through umbilical cord
62
Q

spontanous aborptoin

A
  • miscarriage
  • up tp 50% of pregnancies
  • usually occurs early on
63
Q

causes for early abortion

A
  1. ) chromosomal abnormalities
  2. ) defective implantation
  3. ) maldevelopment of fetus
64
Q

causes for late abortion

A
  1. ) detachment of placenta
  2. ) obstruction of blood supply through cord
  3. ) complication of DIC
  4. ) cocaine use
65
Q

what increases the risk for an obstruction of blood supply through cord?

A

multiples

66
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy that takes place outside of the uterus

67
Q

etiology of ectopic pregnancy

A

-adhesions of fallopian tubes

68
Q

signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • signs of pregnany
  • sharp pelvic pain
  • bleeding
69
Q

predisposing risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • previous infection of fallopian tubes

- scarring from STD

70
Q

consequences of an ectopic pregnancy

A
  • rupturing of fallopian tube
  • bleeding from torn vessel
  • death
71
Q

preeclampsia

A
  • elevated blood pressure in mom during pregnancy
  • blood pressure of 140/90
  • protein in urine
72
Q

eclampsia

A
  • extreme elevated blood pressure
  • blood pressure of 160/110
  • protein in urine
  • predisposed to seizures
73
Q

cause of pre/eclampisa

A

inadequate blood flow to placenta

74
Q

complications of pre/eclampsia

A
  • lack of blood flow to placenta
  • placenta abrupts/detaches
  • organ damage
75
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta is attached to the lower half of uterus

76
Q

complications of placenta previa

A
  • vaginal bleeding
  • deadly to mom and baby
  • c- section

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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