Bones and Joints Flashcards
1
Q
function of skeletal system
A
- reservoir of minerals
- protection of organs
- production of blood cells
- movement
- shape
2
Q
cortex
A
outer later of compact bone
3
Q
trabeculae
A
inner spongy bone
4
Q
bone marrow
A
spaces between the trabecula
5
Q
red bone marrow
A
hematopoiesis
6
Q
yellow bone marrow
A
fat storage
7
Q
osteoblasts
A
- builder
- lay down the matrix to get mineralized
8
Q
osteoclast
A
- break down bone for resorption
- specialized type of macrophage that secretes contents of lysosomes to break down the bone
9
Q
osteocytes
A
- bone cell
- start as osteoblast but get stuck in matrix
- have extensions that help them communicate
10
Q
endochondral ossification
A
- lay down cartilage and bone
- ossification of epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
11
Q
intramembranous ossification
A
- no cartilage phase
- flat bones
12
Q
bone mineral density
A
amount of mineral per cm of bone
-indicator of fracture risk
13
Q
factors affecring bone mineral density
A
- physical activity
- diet
- hormones
- ethnicity
- age
- sex
14
Q
achondroplasia
A
- no laying down of chondrocytes causing no bone growth
- leading cause of dwarfism
- genetic disease cause mutation in fibroblast growth factor 3
- main risk: paternal age
15
Q
osteogenesis imperfecta
A
- “brittle bone” disease
- thin and delicate bones easily break
- mutation in genes resulting in abnormal collagen formation (not enough collagen)
- autosomal dominant
- increase risk of bone fracture
