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Understanding Human Disease > Male Repro System Exam 4 > Flashcards

Male Repro System Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

hydrocele

A

excess fluid accumulation in the scrotum

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2
Q

variocele

A

varicose veins in spermatid cord in scrotum

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3
Q

crytorchidism

A

testes don’t descend normally

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4
Q

inguinal hernia

A

hernia in the inguinal area

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5
Q

urinary complaints

A
  • frequency, urgency, continence, dysuria, and nocturia
  • pain
  • swelling
  • sexual disorder concern
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6
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A

enlargement of prostate

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7
Q

prostatitis

A
  • inflammation of the prostate

- acute or chronic

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8
Q

prostatic carcinoma

A

cancer of the prostate

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9
Q

what causes acute prostatitis

A

spread of infection from bladder or urethra to prostate

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10
Q

what causes chronic prostaitis

A
  • mild inflammation
  • common
  • few symptoms
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11
Q

signs and symptoms of prostatitis

A
  • fever or chills
  • urethral discharge
  • dysuria
  • malaise
  • tender/enlarged prostate
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12
Q

treatment for prostatitis

A

antibiotics and pain meds

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13
Q

symptoms of BPH

A
  • obstructs flow of urine (prostate squeezes urethra)
  • urinary hesitancy
  • frequent urination
  • nocturia
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14
Q

how is BPH diagnosed

A

digital rectal exam

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15
Q

what causes BPH

A
  • Dihydrostestosterone

- testosteroine is converted to DHT by 5-alpha reductase

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16
Q

what is the treatment for BPH

A

reductase inhibitors or surgery

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17
Q

characteristics of prostate cancer

A
  • age associated

- most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75

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18
Q

symptoms fo prostate cancer

A
  • asymptomatic until it spreads
  • weight loss
  • back pain
  • symptoms similar to BPH
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19
Q

risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • dietary factors (high fat intake)
  • hormones
  • chronic inflammation
  • family factors
  • ethniticty (black more common and white
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20
Q

diagnosis of prostate cancer

A
  • digital rectal exam
  • biopsy
  • CT or ultrasound
  • PSA for monitoring treatment
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21
Q

outcome of prostate cancer

A
  • variable
  • aggressive or non aggressive
  • some die “with” prostate cancer but really die of another cause
  • cure rates are low
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22
Q

tumors of testes

A
  • rare
  • most common in men 25-45
  • majority of tumors occur in germ cells
23
Q

what is the strongest risk factor for a tumor in the testes?

A

cryptorchidism

24
Q

signs and symptoms of tumor in testes

A
  • lump

- pain in scrotum or lower testes

25
Q

what occurs with cryptorchidism

A

-bad sperm production because testes remain in the abdominal region where it is hot

26
Q

treatment for cryptoorchidism

A
  • time for testes to descend

- if don’t descend then surgery

27
Q

complication of cryptorchidism

A
  • testicular cancer
  • fertility issues
  • testicular torision
  • inguinal hernia
28
Q

testicular torsion

A

-twisting of spermatic cord due to rotation of testes

29
Q

why is a testicular torsion a medical emergency?

A

-it cuts off blood flow and testes can die within 6-12 hours

30
Q

what age group is a testicular torsion most common in

A

boys ages 12-16 because they are more active

31
Q

symptoms of a testicular torision

A
  • acute onset of pain

- swelling of involved teste

32
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of testes

33
Q

etiology of orchitis

A
  • infection

- either mumps or STIs

34
Q

signs and symptoms of orchitis

A
  • testicular pain
  • edema
  • fever/malaise
  • urethral discharge
35
Q

diagnosis of orchitis

A
  • history of mumps
  • signs/symptoms
  • culture urethral discharge
  • ultrasound
36
Q

treatment of orchitis

A
  • antibiotics
  • analgesis
  • cold compress
  • scrotal support
37
Q

what age group is most affected by hydrocele

A

babies and kids

38
Q

treatment for hydrocele

A

aspiration (take fluid out)

39
Q

etiology of varicocele

A

blood accumulates and makes veins twisted

40
Q

consequences of varicocele

A
  • usually affects left side

- causes infertility

41
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

difficulty developing or maintaining a full erection in intercourse

42
Q

causes of ED

A
  • stress, emotional factors, chronic disease
  • penile disease/trauma
  • low testosterone level
43
Q

treament for ED

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

44
Q

neural control of penile erection

A
  1. ) parasympathic nerves release acetylcholine and nitric oxide (NO)
  2. ) NO produces vasodilation
  3. ) cGamp in inactivated by PDE-5 mediated cpncerion to GMP
45
Q

infertility

A

difficulty getting pregnant for 1 year when trying

46
Q

factors that may cause infertility in men

A
  1. ) sperm deficiences in number of quaility
  2. ) congenital abnormalities
  3. ) endocrine imbalance
  4. ) surgical intervention (testicular cancer or vasectomy)
  5. ) infection or chronic inflammation
47
Q

function of leydig cells in testes

A

make testosterine

48
Q

function of sertoli cells in testes

A

help support sperm cells

49
Q

function of germ cells in testes

A

produce sperm cells

50
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen

A
  • blood test
  • not specific
  • shouldn’t be used for diagnosis, but can be used to maintain treatment
51
Q

why shouldn’t PSA be used to diagnosis BPH or cancer?

A

PSA can be high in both BPH and cancer

52
Q

what are 3 most common STD’s in men?

A
  1. ) Gonnorhea
  2. ) chlamydia
  3. ) syphilis
53
Q

what two chronic disease might cause ED?

A

renal failure and diabetes mallitus

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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