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Understanding Human Disease > Disorders of the Eye > Flashcards

Disorders of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

conjunnctiva

A

tissue on the inner surface of the eyelid

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2
Q

cornea

A
  • where light first enters

- first refraction/bending of light

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3
Q

lens

A

-second site of refraction

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4
Q

accommodation

A

changing shape of lens to focus light rays

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5
Q

pupil

A
  • where light enters the eye

- size controlled by iris

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6
Q

iris

A

-smooth muscle with different flecks of color

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7
Q

retina

A
  • photoreceptors

- light is detected

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8
Q

macula

A
  • post on retina

- best vision occurs here

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9
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery fluid that nourishes and cleanses the avascular lens and retina

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10
Q

lacrimal gland

A
  • keeps eye moist
  • flushes out foreign debris
  • produces mucus that allows eyelid to slide smoothly
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11
Q

lens and accommodation

A

-lens change shape by ciliary muscle

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12
Q

zonula fibers

A

attaches ciliary muscle to lens

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13
Q

strabismus

A
  • crossed eyed
  • cause: eye muscles don’t work together and it confuses brain
  • need to wear an eyeptach
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14
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy eye

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15
Q

nystagmus

A
  • fast and uncontrolled eye movement
  • can be in one or both eyes
  • etiology: congenital, acquired
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16
Q

visual acuity tests

A

-snellen eye chart

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17
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

examines retina

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18
Q

tonometer

A

measures intra-ocular pressure

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19
Q

slit-lamp

A

used to examine the cornea, iris, lens

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20
Q

hyperopia

A
  • farsighted
  • can see far but not up close
  • eyeball too short
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21
Q

myopia

A
  • nearsighted
  • can see up close but not far
  • eyeball too long
22
Q

presbyopia

A
  • farsightedness caused by decrease in accommodation

- age related

23
Q

what shape does the lens need to be to see far away

A

thin and flat

24
Q

what shape does the lens need to be to see up close

A

round and thick

25
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays

26
Q

astigmatism

A

curvature in cornea

27
Q

treatment of hyperopia and myopia

A

LASIK surgery

28
Q

Phakic intraocular lens implant

A

can treat near sightedness

29
Q

conjunctivitis

A
  • pink eye

- inflammation due to bacteria, fungus, virus, or related to allery

30
Q

corneal keratitis

A
  • infection of cornea
  • typically unilateral
  • can lead to vision loss from scaring
31
Q

Corneal Keratopathy

A
  • deposition of calcium salts within cornea

- leads to pain and decreased acuity

32
Q

corneal dystrophy

A
  • abnormal growth in cornea
  • genetic
  • bilateral
  • cornea becomes cloudy
33
Q

cataracts

A
  • opacity of lens
  • age related and degeneration
  • age-associated
  • pupil looks milky white
  • LASIK surgery treats it
  • reduce risk by wearing sunglasses
34
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • increase in pressure so eyeball pushes up against the optic nerve
  • aqueous humor can’t drain
  • irreversible
  • age associated and not due to UV lights
35
Q

signs and symptoms of glaucoma

A
  • severe eye pain
  • blurred vision
  • eye redness
  • light halos
  • nausea
  • vomiting
36
Q

risk factors for glaucoma

A
  • age
  • refractive disorders
  • genetics
  • hypertension
  • diabetes
37
Q

retinal detachment

A
  • retina peels away from underlying support tissue
  • spots, floaters, flashes of lights
  • not painful
  • treated with surgical reattachment
38
Q

cause of retinal detachment

A
  • trauma to eye

- genetic disease

39
Q

macular detachment

A
  • damage to macular
  • doesn’t lead to complete vision loss
  • can see in peripheral vision but not central
40
Q

characteristics of macular

A
  • area in retina where there are more cones than rods
  • color and vision acuity
  • no cure
41
Q

acuity

A

clearness of vision

42
Q

risk factors for macular degeneration

A
  • age
  • obesity
  • UV light exposure
  • family history
  • white
43
Q

hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • damage to retina due to hypertension
  • etiology: vessel narrows causes microinfarcts, hemorrhages, edema
  • leads to: dim visionl vision loss, double vision
  • can be reversible with treatment
44
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A
  • damage to blood vessels in cornea due to complications of diabetes
  • symptoms: spots/floaters, blurred vision, empty spot in vision
  • treatment: blood glucose control or surgery
45
Q

types of cones

A
  1. ) red sensing (60%)
  2. ) green sensing (30%)
  3. ) blue sensing (10%)
46
Q

color blindness

A
  • X-linked recessive genetic disease

- men more likely to have it

47
Q

retinoblastoma

A
  • children
  • rare but malignant tumor of retinal cells
  • autosomal dominant inheritance
  • Rb1 gene
48
Q

Malignant melanoma

A
  • ocular melanoma
  • adults
  • worse prognosis than skin melanoma
  • arise from choroid layer and iris
49
Q

visual acuity of complete blindness

50
Q

cause of blindness

A
  • lesions
  • developmental
  • trauma

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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