Disorders of the Skin Flashcards
function of skin
protection
epidermis
- outermost layer
- keratinocytes
keratinocytes
specialized epithelial cells which make skin waterproof
dermis
- middle layer
- responsible for skin strength
- ground substance
- blood vessels, lymphatic, hair follicles, and sweat glands
hypodermis
- innermost layer
- fat for insulation
prutitis
itchy
exanthem
rash
Varicella Zoster Virus
- chicken pox and shingles
- shingles cause itchy and painful rash
- lies dormant
- symptoms: painful vesicles
wart
- viral
- etiology: many strands of HPV
- contagious via direct contact
- appearance varies depending on type of virus and location
- treatment: freeze, heat, or cut out
- risk: can come back
- common on feet and hands
impetigo
- bacterial
- etiology: strep or staph
- spread by direct contact with secretions and spread with itching
- symptoms: fluid filled itchy vesicles on face, vesicles enlarge, rupture, then crust over
- treatment: cream or oral antibiotcs
- risk factor: compromised host
dermatophytosis
- fungus metabolizing keratin
- skin, hair, and nails
tinea
- ringworm
- contagious via contact
- thrives in warm, moist areas and injured skin more vulnerable
- symptoms: red, raised scaly, itchy lesions, patchy hair loss
- treatment: oral and antifunal
- hard to get rid of
tinea corporis
circular lesions
tinea unguium
discolored, thickened and softened nails
tinea pedis
cracking, peeling skin on feet
acne
- comedones (black/white head) basic lesion of acne
- multiple recurrent crops of pustules in face, neck, and back during puberty and early adulthood
how does acne develop
- hair follicles and associated sebaceous gland ducts become plugged with lipid and keratin
- bacteria colonize
- blocked duct ruptures
- acute inflammation reaction
treatment of acne
- topical or oral antbiotics
- topical or oral retinoid drugs (increase turnover of skin)
- steroids
dermatitis
- inflammation of dermis
- generic term to describe variety of skin conditions characterized by inflammation
what causes dermatitis
- atopic (eczema)
- contact with posion ivy or metals
- seborrheic
- urticaria (hives)
- psoriasis
atopic dermatitis
- eczema
- multifactorial disease with genetic basis influenced by environmental factors
- severe itching but not contagious
- more common in children and people with allergies
- treatment: cream
psoriasis
- chronic inflammatory disease of skin with multifactorial basis
- stress is a big factor
- thickedned areas of skin with silver-colored scales
- treatment: anti-inflammatory ointments, UVB lights, and systemic immunosuppresents
disorders of depigmentation
- vitiligo
- albinism
increase in pigmentation
- freckle
- lentigo
freckle
increased sensitivity of melanocytes and have normal number
lentigo
hyperplasia of melanocytes
melanocytes nevi
- benign tumors of melanocytes
- mole
- caused by proliferation of melanocytes
- common in fair skin
- majority harmless, can become malignant
basal cell carcinoma
- carcinoma in basal cells
- occurs most frequently in sun exposed areas
- rarely metastasize
- pink growth, red patch, shiny bump, bleeding
- needs to be removed because it can become unsightly and issues with normal function
Squamous cell carcinoma
- proliferation of upper layers of skin
- greater risk for metastisizing
- symptoms: sore that doesn’t heal and bleeds more
- treatment: cut out
melanoma
- most dangerous skin cancer
- cancer of melanocytes
- metastasize early
- doesn’t respond well ti chemo
- occurs more common in areas of sun exposure
- more common in children with blistering sun burns
ABCDE
- asymmetry
- border irregularity
- color
- diameter
- evolution
alopecia
abnormal hair loss
alopecia areata
autoimmune disease resulting in patchy hair loss
senescent alopecia
hair loss with age
androgenic alopecia
- male pattern baldness
- cause:
- hormones
- genetic predisposition
- multifactorial genetic disease
- amount of testosterone
photoaging
- aging due to sun
- fine and course wrinckles
- sagging
- telangectasia
- rough skin texture
- irregular hyperpigmentation
what is the main cause of photoaging
ultra-violet rays
types of UVR
UVA and UVB
UVA
- longer wave lengths
- penetrates deeper in dermis
- promotes tanning
- photoaging
UVB
- epidermis and upper dermis
- sunburn
- DNA damage
age-related changes in the dermis
- decreases number and function of fibroblasts
- degradation of elastin and collagen
- decreased density if cells and blood vessels
type 1 burn
only affects the epidermis
type 2 burn
affects the epidermis and dermis
type 3 burn
- affects the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
- least painful because it destroys nerve ending
- skin appears black and chalky
what is the main concern with burns?
-fluid loss, dehydration, and infection
