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Understanding Human Disease > Disorders of the Skin > Flashcards

Disorders of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

function of skin

A

protection

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2
Q

epidermis

A
  • outermost layer

- keratinocytes

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3
Q

keratinocytes

A

specialized epithelial cells which make skin waterproof

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4
Q

dermis

A
  • middle layer
  • responsible for skin strength
  • ground substance
  • blood vessels, lymphatic, hair follicles, and sweat glands
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5
Q

hypodermis

A
  • innermost layer

- fat for insulation

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6
Q

prutitis

A

itchy

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7
Q

exanthem

A

rash

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8
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A
  • chicken pox and shingles
  • shingles cause itchy and painful rash
  • lies dormant
  • symptoms: painful vesicles
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9
Q

wart

A
  • viral
  • etiology: many strands of HPV
  • contagious via direct contact
  • appearance varies depending on type of virus and location
  • treatment: freeze, heat, or cut out
  • risk: can come back
  • common on feet and hands
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10
Q

impetigo

A
  • bacterial
  • etiology: strep or staph
  • spread by direct contact with secretions and spread with itching
  • symptoms: fluid filled itchy vesicles on face, vesicles enlarge, rupture, then crust over
  • treatment: cream or oral antibiotcs
  • risk factor: compromised host
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11
Q

dermatophytosis

A
  • fungus metabolizing keratin

- skin, hair, and nails

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12
Q

tinea

A
  • ringworm
  • contagious via contact
  • thrives in warm, moist areas and injured skin more vulnerable
  • symptoms: red, raised scaly, itchy lesions, patchy hair loss
  • treatment: oral and antifunal
  • hard to get rid of
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13
Q

tinea corporis

A

circular lesions

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14
Q

tinea unguium

A

discolored, thickened and softened nails

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15
Q

tinea pedis

A

cracking, peeling skin on feet

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16
Q

acne

A
  • comedones (black/white head) basic lesion of acne

- multiple recurrent crops of pustules in face, neck, and back during puberty and early adulthood

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17
Q

how does acne develop

A
  • hair follicles and associated sebaceous gland ducts become plugged with lipid and keratin
  • bacteria colonize
  • blocked duct ruptures
  • acute inflammation reaction
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18
Q

treatment of acne

A
  • topical or oral antbiotics
  • topical or oral retinoid drugs (increase turnover of skin)
  • steroids
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19
Q

dermatitis

A
  • inflammation of dermis

- generic term to describe variety of skin conditions characterized by inflammation

20
Q

what causes dermatitis

A
  • atopic (eczema)
  • contact with posion ivy or metals
  • seborrheic
  • urticaria (hives)
  • psoriasis
21
Q

atopic dermatitis

A
  • eczema
  • multifactorial disease with genetic basis influenced by environmental factors
  • severe itching but not contagious
  • more common in children and people with allergies
  • treatment: cream
22
Q

psoriasis

A
  • chronic inflammatory disease of skin with multifactorial basis
  • stress is a big factor
  • thickedned areas of skin with silver-colored scales
  • treatment: anti-inflammatory ointments, UVB lights, and systemic immunosuppresents
23
Q

disorders of depigmentation

A
  • vitiligo

- albinism

24
Q

increase in pigmentation

A
  • freckle

- lentigo

25
Q

freckle

A

increased sensitivity of melanocytes and have normal number

26
Q

lentigo

A

hyperplasia of melanocytes

27
Q

melanocytes nevi

A
  • benign tumors of melanocytes
  • mole
  • caused by proliferation of melanocytes
  • common in fair skin
  • majority harmless, can become malignant
28
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A
  • carcinoma in basal cells
  • occurs most frequently in sun exposed areas
  • rarely metastasize
  • pink growth, red patch, shiny bump, bleeding
  • needs to be removed because it can become unsightly and issues with normal function
29
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • proliferation of upper layers of skin
  • greater risk for metastisizing
  • symptoms: sore that doesn’t heal and bleeds more
  • treatment: cut out
30
Q

melanoma

A
  • most dangerous skin cancer
  • cancer of melanocytes
  • metastasize early
  • doesn’t respond well ti chemo
  • occurs more common in areas of sun exposure
  • more common in children with blistering sun burns
31
Q

ABCDE

A
  • asymmetry
  • border irregularity
  • color
  • diameter
  • evolution
32
Q

alopecia

A

abnormal hair loss

33
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune disease resulting in patchy hair loss

34
Q

senescent alopecia

A

hair loss with age

35
Q

androgenic alopecia

A
  • male pattern baldness
  • cause:
  • hormones
  • genetic predisposition
  • multifactorial genetic disease
  • amount of testosterone
36
Q

photoaging

A
  • aging due to sun
  • fine and course wrinckles
  • sagging
  • telangectasia
  • rough skin texture
  • irregular hyperpigmentation
37
Q

what is the main cause of photoaging

A

ultra-violet rays

38
Q

types of UVR

A

UVA and UVB

39
Q

UVA

A
  • longer wave lengths
  • penetrates deeper in dermis
  • promotes tanning
  • photoaging
40
Q

UVB

A
  • epidermis and upper dermis
  • sunburn
  • DNA damage
41
Q

age-related changes in the dermis

A
  • decreases number and function of fibroblasts
  • degradation of elastin and collagen
  • decreased density if cells and blood vessels
42
Q

type 1 burn

A

only affects the epidermis

43
Q

type 2 burn

A

affects the epidermis and dermis

44
Q

type 3 burn

A
  • affects the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
  • least painful because it destroys nerve ending
  • skin appears black and chalky
45
Q

what is the main concern with burns?

A

-fluid loss, dehydration, and infection

Understanding Human Disease (13 decks)

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