The Basal Ganglia Flashcards
What are the functions of the basal ganlia? [4]
Regulating movement:
* Play a critical role in movement initiation
* Allow switching between motor programs (e.g. stop or start a movement)
* Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements
* Regulate movement force
How can you classify the basal ganglia?
Which nuclei fall into these categories
Dorsal striatum:
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
Lentiform nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
On this diagram, state which number relates to the
Dorsal striatum:
- Caudate nucleus [1]
- Putamen [1]
Lentiform nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus [1]
Internal capsule [1]
3 Head of caudate nucleus
4 Putamen
9 Internal capsule
What structure is highlighted in green? [1]
Putamen
Which structure is highlighted in red? [1]
Globus pallidus
Label A&B [2]
What structure do A & B make together? [1]
A: Putamen
B: Globus pallidus (internal and external capsule)
Together: Lentiform nucleus
Which structure is highlighted in green? [1]
Caudate nucleus
Which structure seperates the lentiform nucleus and the dorsal striatum? [1]
Internal capsule
Label A-E
A: caudate nucleus
B: internal capsule
C: putamen
D:globus pallidus
E: subthalamic nuclei
Which numbers are the:
caudate nucleus
putamen
internal capsule
lateral ventricle
Which numbers are the:
caudate nucleus: 8
putamen: 12
internal capsule: 9
lateral ventricle: 19
Label A-F
A: caudate nucleus
B: putamen
C: Globus pallidus external
D: Globus pallidus internux
E: Subthalamic nucleus
F: Substantia nigra (SN)
Where do the following send info to / from?
External segment of globus pallidus [1]
Internal segment of globus palliudus [1]
What is the roles of:
External segment of globus pallidus: relays information between other basal ganglia and internal globus pallidus
Internal segment of globus palliudus: sends output to the thalamus
For motor control - the basal ganglia are also associated with which structures? [2]
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
Blood supply to the basal ganglia:
Label
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
6: Lenticulostriate arteries
7: ACA
8: MCA
9: PCA
10: ICA
11: Basilar artery
12: Vertebral artery
The main vascularisation of the basal ganglia comes from which artery? [1]
MCA
Which artery supplies the body of the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus? [1]
Lenticulostriate arteries
The ACA supplies which part of the basal ganglia? [3]
- Head of caudate
- rostral part of putamen
- globus pallidus
which artery supplies blood to the middle part of the basal ganglia - specifically the internal globus pallidus [1]
Anterior choroidal artery
Label 4, 13 & 14 [3]
4: (head) of caudate nucleus
13: putamen
14: internal capsule
Label 3, 4 & 9 [3]
3: Head of caudate nucleus
4: Putamen
9: Internal capsule
Label 5, 7, 10, 11, 12 & 13
5: ICA
7: Basilar artery
10: Caudate nucleus
11: Internal capsule
12: Lentiform nucleus (Putamen & Globus pallidus
13: Caudal extremity of caudate
nucleus
Label 1&2 [2]
1 Internal capsule
2 Head of the caudate nucleus
Which part of the basal ganglia are the input [2] and output zones [3]?
Input zones:
* Dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen)
Output zones:
* globus pallidus external
* globus pallidus internal
* substantia nigra, pars reticula (SNr)
Basal ganglia input zones:
Where do the caudate nucleus and putamen have fibres inputing into / orginating from? [3]
- Cerebral cortex - specifically the frontal cortex: primary motor cortex and parietal cortex: primary somatosensory cortex
- substantia nigra pars compacta (from the midbrain)
- Local circuit neurons within the corpus striatum (GABAergic)
Describe the type of inputs that occur from midbrain to the input zones of caudate nucleus and putamen?
Dopaminergic inputs: from the substantia nigra
Label the following: [3]
Internal capsule
Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus
10 Caudate nucleus
11 Internal capsule
12 Lentiform nucleus
Label A-E
Label each part of the basal ganglia x [4]
2 Head of caudate nucleus
3 Internal capsule
4 Putamen
5 Globus pallidus
