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BB2 > The Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

The Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganlia? [4]

A

Regulating movement:
* Play a critical role in movement initiation
* Allow switching between motor programs (e.g. stop or start a movement)
* Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements
* Regulate movement force

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2
Q

How can you classify the basal ganglia?
Which nuclei fall into these categories

A

Dorsal striatum:
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen

Lentiform nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus

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3
Q

On this diagram, state which number relates to the

Dorsal striatum:
- Caudate nucleus [1]
- Putamen [1]

Lentiform nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus [1]

Internal capsule [1]

A

3 Head of caudate nucleus
4 Putamen
9 Internal capsule

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4
Q

What structure is highlighted in green? [1]

A

Putamen

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5
Q

Which structure is highlighted in red? [1]

A

Globus pallidus

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6
Q

Label A&B [2]

What structure do A & B make together? [1]

A

A: Putamen
B: Globus pallidus (internal and external capsule)

Together: Lentiform nucleus

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7
Q

Which structure is highlighted in green? [1]

A

Caudate nucleus

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8
Q

Which structure seperates the lentiform nucleus and the dorsal striatum? [1]

A

Internal capsule

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9
Q

Label A-E

A

A: caudate nucleus
B: internal capsule
C: putamen
D:globus pallidus
E: subthalamic nuclei

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10
Q

Which numbers are the:

caudate nucleus
putamen
internal capsule
lateral ventricle

A

Which numbers are the:

caudate nucleus: 8
putamen: 12
internal capsule: 9
lateral ventricle: 19

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11
Q

Label A-F

A

A: caudate nucleus
B: putamen
C: Globus pallidus external
D: Globus pallidus internux
E: Subthalamic nucleus
F: Substantia nigra (SN)

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12
Q

Where do the following send info to / from?

External segment of globus pallidus [1]
Internal segment of globus palliudus [1]

A

What is the roles of:

External segment of globus pallidus: relays information between other basal ganglia and internal globus pallidus

Internal segment of globus palliudus: sends output to the thalamus

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13
Q

For motor control - the basal ganglia are also associated with which structures? [2]

A

Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra

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14
Q

Blood supply to the basal ganglia:

Label
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

A

6: Lenticulostriate arteries
7: ACA
8: MCA
9: PCA
10: ICA
11: Basilar artery
12: Vertebral artery

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15
Q

The main vascularisation of the basal ganglia comes from which artery? [1]

A

MCA

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16
Q

Which artery supplies the body of the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus? [1]

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

17
Q

The ACA supplies which part of the basal ganglia? [3]

A
  • Head of caudate
  • rostral part of putamen
  • globus pallidus
18
Q

which artery supplies blood to the middle part of the basal ganglia - specifically the internal globus pallidus [1]

A

Anterior choroidal artery

19
Q

Label 4, 13 & 14 [3]

A

4: (head) of caudate nucleus
13: putamen
14: internal capsule

20
Q

Label 3, 4 & 9 [3]

A

3: Head of caudate nucleus
4: Putamen
9: Internal capsule

21
Q

Label 5, 7, 10, 11, 12 & 13

A

5: ICA
7: Basilar artery
10: Caudate nucleus
11: Internal capsule
12: Lentiform nucleus (Putamen & Globus pallidus
13: Caudal extremity of caudate
nucleus

22
Q

Label 1&2 [2]

A

1 Internal capsule
2 Head of the caudate nucleus

23
Q

Which part of the basal ganglia are the input [2] and output zones [3]?

A

Input zones:
* Dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen)

Output zones:
* globus pallidus external
* globus pallidus internal
* substantia nigra, pars reticula (SNr)

24
Q

Basal ganglia input zones:

Where do the caudate nucleus and putamen have fibres inputing into / orginating from? [3]

A
  • Cerebral cortex - specifically the frontal cortex: primary motor cortex and parietal cortex: primary somatosensory cortex
  • substantia nigra pars compacta (from the midbrain)
  • Local circuit neurons within the corpus striatum (GABAergic)
25
Q

Describe the type of inputs that occur from midbrain to the input zones of caudate nucleus and putamen?

A

Dopaminergic inputs: from the substantia nigra

26
Q

Label the following: [3]
Internal capsule
Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus

A

10 Caudate nucleus
11 Internal capsule
12 Lentiform nucleus

27
Q

Label A-E

A
28
Q

Label each part of the basal ganglia x [4]

A

2 Head of caudate nucleus
3 Internal capsule
4 Putamen
5 Globus pallidus

BB2 (65 decks)

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