Learning and Conditioning Flashcards
Explain the five major learning theories in psychology [5]
Cognitive: Your expectations and emotions from what you already know determine your learning behaviour.
Biological: Your biology (e.g. brain, genetics, hormones) determines your thoughts, moods and action.
Psychodynamics: Early conscious and subconscious childhood experiences determine your learning behaviour.
Humanistic: Individual’s desire to discover knowledge and understanding
Behavioural: Environmental stimuli influence your learning behaviour.
Describe observational learning [1]
Process of learning through watching others, retain the information, and then replicate the observed behaviours.
In an experiment to condition a dog to salivate, pre-conditioning what term is used to describe the bell ringing? [1]
Neutral stimulus
Pavlovs dogs is an example of what type of conditioning? [1]
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Emotional conditioning
Classical conditioning
You got scared when a dog barked angrily at you entering his owners house. What term is used to describe the dog barking?
Conditional response
Conditional stimulus
Natural reflex
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response
Unconditional stimulus (expect to be scared)
You got scared when a dog barked angrily at you entering his owners house. What term is used to describe the dog barking? [1]
Define emotional conditioning
A form of classical conditioning in which a subject associates a perceptual information
(e.g. see, hear) to an emotional response (e.g. happiness, anxiety, sadness, pain).
Stage fright is an example of
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Emotional conditioning
Stage fright is an example of
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Emotional conditioning
Can phobias (irrational fear) be learned by human emotion (emotional conditioning?)
Little Albert experiment:
Exposed child to animals and showed no fear
Then did same but with loud bang - made him cry :(
Re-exposed to animals: scared
What is the term given for learning phobias?
Conditioning
What term is given for the fur coat after Albert was conditioned?
Conditional response
Conditional stimulus
Natural reflex
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response
What term is given for the fur coat after Albert was conditioned?
Conditional response
Conditional stimulus
Natural reflex
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response
Define operant conditioning [1]
Define operant
If a behaviour is followed
by a positive/negative response, then that behaviour will be repeated/discontinued.
Operant: ‘any active behaviour that operates upon the environment to generate consequences’.
Skinners box demonstrates that animals have
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Emotional conditioning
Skinners box demonstrates that animals have
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Emotional conditioning
Operant conditioning
Define:
Generalization & Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization & Discrimination: Provide a similar response when responding to a ‘similar’ stimuli. (e.g. Little Albert scared of a fur coat)
Extinction: Disappearance of learned response due to removal of reinforcement (e.g. rat stop pressing when no food is served)
Spontaneous recovery: Reappearance of a certain conditioned response following a break period after extinction. (e.g. rat will press lever after a 3 months break)
Name two examples of chemical aversion therapy
Chemical Aversion (emetic) therapy for alcohol use disorder
Unpleasant tasting substance on fingernails to stop nail-biting
What is the term give for the horrible tasting substance used to avoid onychiphagia?
Conditional response
Conditional stimulus
Natural reflex
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response
What is the term give for the horrible tasting substance used to avoid onychiphagia?
Conditional response
Conditional stimulus
Natural reflex
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response (know it causes nasty taste)
Describe flooding therapy [1]
Actual exposure to the stimulus or its image of fear (e.g. arachnophobic patient locked in a room full of spiders for 2 hours).
Describe implosion therapy [1]
Implosion therapy: No direct contact to the stimulus of fear (e.g. imagine a spider). Then the imagined scene is exaggerated by the therapist (e.g. imagine spiders crawling out of your mouth).
Describe Systematic desensitization (Relaxation)
Behaviourist’s learning theory is abnormal behaviour has been learned, so concentrate on unlearning
this negative behaviour by replacing one response (e.g. anxiety) with another response (e.g. relaxation).
Explain the three stages of systematic desenitisation
Stage 1 (Relaxation): Patient taught deep muscle relaxation/meditation.
Stage 2 (fear hierarchy): Patient create a ranked list of fear hierarchy (i.e. least fear to the most fear).
Stage 3 (Exposure): Over a period of time, patient are exposed to the fear with the least fear first. Relaxation/meditation are used to overcome the fear. Once surpassed fear, patient moves to the next fear level. If patient is too upset, then return back to the earlier step.
Describe target economy
Targeted behaviours using tokens (secondary reinforcer) and later exchanged for reward
(primary reinforcer).
Describe contingency management [2]
Utilizes a formal written contract between patient and therapist.
Outlines an agreement in the behavioural change goals, reinforcements, rewards that will be given, and penalties for failing.
Describe extinction
Produce behaviour change by stopping the reinforcing behaviour in order to remove the response.
