Cerebellum (Anatomy & Histology)

Question 1

Describe the role of the cerebellum

W

Answer 1

Cerebellum aids the motor cortex in producing accurate and smooth movements by modulating and refining motor cortex commands using feedback from proprioceptors, vestibular system and other sensory organs.

DOES NOT intiate movement - but detects differences in “motor error” between an intended movement and the actual movement.

Question 2

Describe what damage to cerebellum causes [3]

Answer 2

Cerebellar damage produces instability and errors in voluntary movement.
* Extraocular eye muscles are particularly affected causing nystagmus.
* Gait can be affected causing cerebellar ataxia.

Question 3

The cerebellum is divided into three functional divisions.

What are they [3]

Answer 4

Superior
Efferent, from deep cerebellar nuclei to thalamus and superior colliculus.
Middle Afferent, from pontine nuclei (coming from cortex).
Inferior Afferent (vestibular nuclei, spinal cord and brainstem).
Efferent (vestibular nuclei and reticular formation).

Question 5

Label 1-4

Answer 5

1 Superior cerebellar peduncle
2 Middle cerebellar peduncle
3 Cerebellar tonsil
4 Inferior semilunar lobule

Question 6

Label A [1]

Answer 6

10 Flocculus of cerebellum

Question 7

Label A-C

Answer 7

A: Anterior lobe
B: Posterior lobe
C: Flocculonodular lobe.

Question 8

Label A-E

Answer 8

A: Midbrain
B: Superior cerebellar peduncle
C: Pons
D: Pyramid
E: Olive

Question 9

Label A-C

Answer 9

A: middle cerebellar peduncle

B: cerebellar hemisphere

C: Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 10

Label A-C

Answer 10

A: vermis
B: anterior lobe
C: posterior lobe

Question 11

Label A-E

Answer 11

A: Floccus
B: cerebellar tonsil
C: vermis
D: superior cerebellar peduncle
E: 4th ventricle

Question 12

Label A

Answer 12

A: middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

Label the numbers [5]

Answer 13

20: Vermis
35 Superior cerebellar peduncle
36 Inferior cerebellar peduncle
37 Middle cerebellar peduncle
38 Cerebellar hemisphere

Question 14

The cerebellum is predominately supplied by which 3 arteries? [3]

Answer 14

superior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 15

Which artery is the most common site of an infarct in posterior circulation?

Answer 15

PICA

Question 16

Label A

Answer 16

Superior cerebellar artery

Question 17

Label A-F

Answer 17

A: AICA
B: PICA
C: Superior Cerebellar Artery
D: PCA
E: ICA
F: ACA

Question 18

Why is the PICA a common site for stroke? [2]

Answer 18

when the blood has to enter the PICA, it has to essentially do a U-turn into the PICA.

Turbulent flow makes atheroma’s easy to form due to erosion/endothelial damage caused by this flow

7 = PICA

Question 19

Label 1-9

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellum cells? [3]

Answer 20

1. The outer, fibre-rich, molecular layer
2. The intermediate, Purkinje cell layer
3. The inner granular layer, which is dominated by the granule cell.

Question 21

Cerebellar histology

label this A-C

Answer 21

A: purkinje layer
B: molecular layer (outer)
C: granular layer (inner)

Question 22

Cerebellar histology

Label A

Answer 22

central white matter M

Question 23

Label A-C

Answer 23

A: molecular layer
B: granular cell layer
C: Purkinje cells

Question 24

Inputs and outputs to the cerebellum are via the [], which are either side of the []

Answer 24

Inputs and outputs to the cerebellum are via the cerebellar peduncles, which are either side of the pons

Question 25

State if the following contain input or output fibres [3]
State where the fibres go to / come from

Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 25

1. Superior cerebellar peduncle has output fibres only. This is mainly going up to the motor thalamus
2. Middle cerebellar peduncle (largest of the 3) contains input fibres from the contralateral cerebral cortex and cranial nerves
3. Inferior cerebellar peduncle has input fibres from the spinal cord