Limbic system Flashcards
Where is the cingulate gyrus in the brain? [1]
Which structure does it lie directly above? [1]
Lies above the corpus callosum
Label A-C
A: Dentate gyrus
B: Parahippocampal gyrus
C: Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus
The cingulate gyrus and parrahippocampal gyrus are continuous via a bundle of white matter called the []
The cingulate gyrus and parrahippocampal gyrus are continuous via a bundle of white matter called the cingulum
Label A-E
A: cingulate gyrus
B: corpus callosum
C: fornix
D: parahippocampal gyrus
E: subcallosal area
Label A-F
A: Fornix
B: Cingulate cortex
C: Thalamus
D: Mamilllary body
E: Hippocampus
F: Amygdala
Label A-C
A: Anterior commissure
B: Amygdala
C: Hippocampal
Label 14-17
14 Pulvinar of thalamus
15 Mamillary body
16 Optic tract
17 Anterior commissure
Label 18-22
18 Fornix
19 Longitudinal stria
20 Dentate gyrus
21 Hippocampal fimbria
22 Pes hippocampi
Which of the following is the amygdala
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is the amygdala
A
B
C
D
E
For guiding and motivating behaviour the limbic system is involved in which two processes? [2]
Rewarding animals
Punishing animals
What are primary reinforcers?
Gene specified goals for action (for rewarding or punishment)
What is the role of the insula? [1]
Recieves data from cortex and amygdala. Has to make exec decision on whether the experience was worth remembering.
What is this structure? [1]
Nucleus accumbens
What is the name for the circuit that causes ‘feeling’ of emotion’? [1]
Papez circuit
State the main function of the:
Hippocampus [1]
Parahippocampal gyrus [1]
Amygdala: [1]
Septal nucleus [1]
Cingulate cortex [1]
Hippocampus = Memory acquisition and recall, formation of long-term memory. Formation of memory not storage
Parahippocampal gyrus: storage and conversion of new experiences into memories
Amygdala = Emotional content of stimuli: fear, anxiety and danger
Septal nucleus = Pleasure and reward
Cingulate cortex = Affective significance
What is the difference in role between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex? [1]
Anterior cingulate cortex:
* monitors quality of pain continously; activates strategies to remove pain
* Evaluates the degree of pain / ppleasure experienced
Posterior cingulate cortex:
* Recalling emotional memories - NOT involved in non-emotional memories
How is the limbic system split up? [2]
An emotional limbic system
A memory limbic system
Describe the route of Papez’s circuit
Cingulate cortex –> parahippocampal cortex –> hippocampus –> fornix –> mamillary bodies –> hypothalamus -> anterior thalamus –> cingulate cortex.
State the adaptive value of fear [1]
Allows us to make quick decisions
Name the extremely fast response to an unexpected loud noise in babeies? [1]
Acoustic startle reflex / Moro reflex
Which part of the limbic region can modulate the startle reflex?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocampal gyrus
Posterior cingulate gyrus
Anterior cingulate gyrus
Which part of the limbic region can modulate the startle reflex?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocampal gyrus
Posterior cingulate gyrus
Anterior cingulate gyrus
Describe the pathway in which amygdala controls the startle reflex [4]
Sensory information feeds into the basolateral amygdala
Feeds into the central amygdala
Central amygdala sends output to the central gray area of the midbrain
Information is relayed to the nucleus in the pons responsible for the startle reflex
Describe why the startle-reflex is highly adaptive [1]
Before emotional memories reach consciousness, it causes autonomic changes (increased heart rate and blood pressure) to allow a quick response
(The memories influence subsequent actions through the projections to the frontal cortex)
State how the acoustic startle reflex can be modulated [2]
Current mood or situation when the acoustic startle reflex happens modifies the reaction
Being fearful of a stimulus after reflex increases magnitude of reflex
What is 8?
Corpus Callosum
Hippocampus
Subthalamic nuclei
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen
What is 8?
Corpus Callosum
Hippocampus
Subthalamic nuclei
Nucleus accumbens
Putamen
What is 8?
Anterior commissure
Fornix
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens
What is 8?
Anterior commissure
Fornix
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Nucleus accumbens
What is 5?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 5?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 13?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 5?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 3?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 3?
Hypothalamus (mamilliary body)
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 10?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
What is 10?
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Label A-D
A:Cingulate cortex nuclei
B: Anterior thalamic
C:Mammillary bodies
D: hippocampus
A firefighter, with a history of traumatic brain injury after falling from a ladder, presents to the clinic for follow-up. He complains of anterograde amnesia ever since the accident. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals damage to the hypothalamic structure involved in memory. What thalamic nucleus receives input from the affected structure?
A. Midline nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Anterior nucleus
D. Lateral dorsal nucleus
A firefighter, with a history of traumatic brain injury after falling from a ladder, presents to the clinic for follow-up. He complains of anterograde amnesia ever since the accident. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals damage to the hypothalamic structure involved in memory. What thalamic nucleus receives input from the affected structure?
A. Midline nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C.** Anterior nucleus**
D. Lateral dorsal nucleus
