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BB2 > BB2 Anatomy1 Part1 > Flashcards

BB2 Anatomy1 Part1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 red lines pointing at? [3]

A

Cribiform plate
Crista galli
Perpinduclar plate

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2
Q

Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the []

A

Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the crista galli

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3
Q

Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?

16
17
18
None

A

Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?

16
17
18
None

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4
Q

Label A-E of the sphenoid

A

A: pterygoid processes
B: foramen rotundum
C: optic canal
D: superior orbital fissure
E: lesser wings

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5
Q

Label A-D

A

A: superior orbital fissue
B: greater wing
C: pterygoid canal
D: sphenoid sinuss

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6
Q

What is this bone? [1]

Label A-F

A

Temporal bone

A: Zygomatic process
B: External auditory meatus
C: mastoid process
D: squamous part
E: styloid process
F: petrous part

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7
Q

The [] are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.

A

The styloid processes are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.

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8
Q

Label the fontanelles [2]

What do each of them turn into later in life? [2]

A

1: Sphenoid fontanelle. Becomes the pterion

2: Mastoid fontanelle. Becomes the asteroin

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9
Q

Label 1 & 2 [2]

A

1: metopic suture

2: Anterior fontanelle

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Label this structure [1]

A

Bregma

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12
Q

Label this structure [1]

A

Asterion

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13
Q

Label this joint

A

Temporomandibular joint

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14
Q

Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?

Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture

A

Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?

Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture

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15
Q

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

A

How many bones contribute to the orbit?

6
7
8
9

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16
Q
A

Acceptable responses: Occipital, Occipital bone, Right occipital, Right occipital bone

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17
Q

The olfactory nerve passes through which foramen [1]

A

Cribiform plate

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18
Q

The glossopharnygeal nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Jugular foramen

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19
Q

The facial nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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20
Q

The maxillary nerve passes through which foramen [1]

A

Foramen rotundum

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21
Q

The occulomotor nerve passes through which foramen? [1]

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Following a head injury a patient presents with CSF leaking from their nose and a loss of smell.

Which skull bone have they most likely fractured?

A

Acceptable responses: Ethmoid, ethmoid bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, cribiform plate

The olfactory nerve passes through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to enter the nasal cavity. The ethmoid bone is also part of the neurocranium and if it becomes fractured and tears the meninges then CSF can leak from the subarachnoid space into the nose.

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23
Q

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the [] this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen [].

A

The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the carotid canal, this is an oblique channel through the skull base.

It then emerges above foramen lacerum.

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24
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen [] and travels inside the skull passing deep the [].

A

The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen spinosum and travels inside the skull passing deep the pterion.

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25
Q

The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the []

A

The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the jugular foramen.

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26
Q

the spinal cord terminates at the:

cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert

A

the spinal cord terminates at the:

cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert

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27
Q

which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1]

A

which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1]
transverse foramen

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28
Q

Which structure is at risk of compression by a very posteriorly displaced dens? [1]

A

spinal cord

29
Q

Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1]

A

Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1]
vertebral arteries

30
Q

which verebtral level do u go below to do lumbar puncture?

A

L2

31
Q

Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]

A

Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]

Acceptable responses: spinal cord lower, the spinal cord ends lower down, the spinal cord travels further down the vertebral column

32
Q

Which meningeal space is targeted in lumbar puncture? [1]

A

Acceptable responses: subarachnoid space, subarachnoid, csf space, csf

33
Q
A
34
Q

which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?
​
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?
​
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

35
Q

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

36
Q

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

37
Q

You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome.

On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex.

What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through?

Foramen ovale
Foremane rotundum
Hypoglossal canal
Internal auditory meatus
Jugular formane

A

You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome.

On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex.

What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through?

Foramen ovale
Foremane rotundum
Hypoglossal canal
Internal auditory meatus
​Jugular forman: CNIX passses through here

38
Q

From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foramen spinosum
Superior orbital fissure
Foreman magnum

A

From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?

Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foramen spinosum
Superior orbital fissure
Foreman magnum

39
Q

which foramen is this?

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
​Carotid canal

A

which foramen is this?

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
​Carotid canal

40
Q

Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?

Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery

A

Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?

Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve: The hypoglossal nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal.
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery

41
Q

Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected?

Trigeminal
Vagus
Facial
Hypoglossal

A

Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected?

Trigeminal
Vagus
Facial
Hypoglossal

The Vagus nerve gives rise to the recurrent laryngeal nerve which innervates the muscles of the larynx (voicebox).

42
Q

Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected?

Trigeminal
Vestibulocochlear
Facial
Hypoglossal

A

Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected?

Trigeminal
Vestibulocochlear
Facial
Hypoglossal

43
Q

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons

A

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons Anteriorly the pons bulges forwards,

44
Q

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

A

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

45
Q

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

A

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain This can be identified by the large cerebral peduncles anteriorly
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

46
Q

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

A

Which part of the brainstem is this?

Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons

47
Q

Which part of the brainstem is this? [1]
Label A & B [2]

A

Pons

A: 4th ventricle
B: Pons

48
Q

Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved?

DCML
Spinothalamic
Corticospinal

A

Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved?

DCML
Spinothalamic
Corticospinal

49
Q

The [] is the innermost layer of the eye

A

The retina is the innermost layer of the eye

50
Q

Which structures does the retina contain? [2]

A

Rod cones
Photosensitive ganglion cells

51
Q

The optic disc is where which two structures join together? [2]

A

The optic disc is where the optic nerve joins the retina

52
Q

The [] is the location of maximal photoreceptor density

A

The macula is the location of maximal photoreceptor density

53
Q

Label A-C

A

A: Fovea
B: Macula
C: Optic disc

54
Q

Optic radiation

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the [], in the [] nucleus.

A

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

55
Q

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the [] to form the optic radiations, which project to the [] in the [] lobe, where conscious perception of visual images occurs

A

The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the internal capsule to form the optic radiations, which project to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe, where conscious perception of visual images occurs

56
Q

Nerve fibres in the optic tracts send branches to which locations? [4]

A

primary visual cortex
midbrain
superior colliculus (visual reflex centre controlling the extrinsic eye muscles)
pretectal nuclei in the midbrain (mediate papillary light reflexes)

57
Q

Name this optic pathway defect [1]

A

Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

58
Q

Name this optic pathway defect [1]

A

Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

59
Q

Name this optic pathway defect [1]

A

Left temporal hemianopia

60
Q

State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place

A
60
Q

State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place

A
61
Q

There are 6 extra-ocular muscles controlling eye movement. Name them and the movements they control

A

Lateral rectus: look laterally
Medial rectus: look medially
Superior rectus: look upward and medially
Inferior rectus: look downward and medially
Superior oblique: look downward and laterally
Inferior oblique: look upward and laterally

62
Q

Label A-E

A

A: trochlea
B: superior oblique
C: medial rectus
D: superior rectus
E: lateral rectus

63
Q

Relaxation of which muscle closes the eyelid? [1]

A

Closing of the lids requires relaxation of the levator palpebral muscle (CN III)

64
Q

State the movements the following muscles do:

Superior oblique: [3]

Inferior oblique: [3]

A

Superior oblique: Depression, abduction and intorsion

Inferior oblique: Elevation, abduction and extorsion

65
Q

State the movement the following muslces do:

Superior rectus: [3]

Inferior rectus: [3]

A

Superior rectus: elevation, adduction and intorsion

Inferior rectus: depression, adduction and extorsion

66
Q

When the eye is ABDUCTED the [] and [] muscles act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.

When the eye is ADDUCTED the [] and [] muscles depress and elevate the globe respectively.

A

When the eye is ABDUCTED the superior and inferior recti act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.

When the eye is ADDUCTED the superior and inferior oblique depress and elevate the globe respectively.

67
Q
A

Superior rectus

68
Q
A

Superior rectus

BB2 (65 decks)

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