BB2 Anatomy1 Part1 Flashcards
What are the 3 red lines pointing at? [3]
Cribiform plate
Crista galli
Perpinduclar plate
Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the []
Projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is the crista galli
Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?
16
17
18
None
Which numbered arrow indicates the crista galli?
16
17
18
None
Label A-E of the sphenoid
A: pterygoid processes
B: foramen rotundum
C: optic canal
D: superior orbital fissure
E: lesser wings
Label A-D
A: superior orbital fissue
B: greater wing
C: pterygoid canal
D: sphenoid sinuss
What is this bone? [1]
Label A-F
Temporal bone
A: Zygomatic process
B: External auditory meatus
C: mastoid process
D: squamous part
E: styloid process
F: petrous part
The [] are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.
The styloid processes are located underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. It acts as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments, such as the stylomandibular ligament of the TMJ.
Label the fontanelles [2]
What do each of them turn into later in life? [2]
1: Sphenoid fontanelle. Becomes the pterion
2: Mastoid fontanelle. Becomes the asteroin
Label 1 & 2 [2]
1: metopic suture
2: Anterior fontanelle
Label this structure [1]
Bregma
Label this structure [1]
Asterion
Label this joint
Temporomandibular joint
Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?
Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture
Which suture connects the two parietal bones to the frontal bone?
Sagittal suture
Squamous suture
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture
How many bones contribute to the orbit?
6
7
8
9
How many bones contribute to the orbit?
6
7
8
9
Acceptable responses: Occipital, Occipital bone, Right occipital, Right occipital bone
The olfactory nerve passes through which foramen [1]
Cribiform plate
The glossopharnygeal nerve passes through which foramen? [1]
Jugular foramen
The facial nerve passes through which foramen? [1]
Internal acoustic meatus
The maxillary nerve passes through which foramen [1]
Foramen rotundum
The occulomotor nerve passes through which foramen? [1]
Superior orbital fissure
Following a head injury a patient presents with CSF leaking from their nose and a loss of smell.
Which skull bone have they most likely fractured?
Acceptable responses: Ethmoid, ethmoid bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, cribiform plate
The olfactory nerve passes through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to enter the nasal cavity. The ethmoid bone is also part of the neurocranium and if it becomes fractured and tears the meninges then CSF can leak from the subarachnoid space into the nose.
The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the [] this is an oblique channel through the skull base.
It then emerges above foramen [].
The internal carotid artery enters the skull via the carotid canal, this is an oblique channel through the skull base.
It then emerges above foramen lacerum.
The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen [] and travels inside the skull passing deep the [].
The middle meningeal artery is a small artery which enters the skull through foramen spinosum and travels inside the skull passing deep the pterion.
The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the []
The internal jugular vein drains venous blood from the inside of the skull. It leaves the skull via the jugular foramen.
the spinal cord terminates at the:
cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert
the spinal cord terminates at the:
cauda equina
filum terminale
conus medullaris
foramen magnum
1st coccygeal vert
which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1]
which part of the spinal cord do the vertebral artierise travel in? [1]
transverse foramen
Which structure is at risk of compression by a very posteriorly displaced dens? [1]
spinal cord
Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1]
Which structure may be affected by cervical vertebral fractures? [1]
vertebral arteries
which verebtral level do u go below to do lumbar puncture?
L2
Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]
Why might lumbar puncture be more challenging in a young child? [1]
Acceptable responses: spinal cord lower, the spinal cord ends lower down, the spinal cord travels further down the vertebral column
Which meningeal space is targeted in lumbar puncture? [1]
Acceptable responses: subarachnoid space, subarachnoid, csf space, csf
which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?
formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum
You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome.
On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex.
What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
Foremane rotundum
Hypoglossal canal
Internal auditory meatus
Jugular formane
You are examining a 79-year-old woman who presented last night with stroke-like symptoms. She has suspected lateral medullary syndrome.
On examination, she has loss of taste in the posterior third of her tongue and an absent gag reflex.
What structure does the likely affected cranial nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
Foremane rotundum
Hypoglossal canal
Internal auditory meatus
Jugular forman: CNIX passses through here
From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foramen spinosum
Superior orbital fissure
Foreman magnum
From which of these foraminae does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foramen spinosum
Superior orbital fissure
Foreman magnum
which foramen is this?
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
which foramen is this?
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?
Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery
Which one of the following pairings of foramina and their contents is not correct?
Superior orbital fissue and oculomotor nerve
Foramina rotundum and maxillary nerve
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal nerve: The hypoglossal nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal.
Foramine spinosum and middle meningeal artery
Carotid canal and internal carotid artery
Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected?
Trigeminal
Vagus
Facial
Hypoglossal
Despina is experiencing a horse voice, which cranial nerve is likely affected?
Trigeminal
Vagus
Facial
Hypoglossal
The Vagus nerve gives rise to the recurrent laryngeal nerve which innervates the muscles of the larynx (voicebox).
Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected?
Trigeminal
Vestibulocochlear
Facial
Hypoglossal
Despina is experiencing vertigo, which cranial nerve is likely affected?
Trigeminal
Vestibulocochlear
Facial
Hypoglossal
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Superior)
Medulla (Inferior)
Pons Anteriorly the pons bulges forwards,
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain This can be identified by the large cerebral peduncles anteriorly
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this?
Midbrain
Medulla (Open / Superior)
Medulla (Closed / Inferior)
Pons
Which part of the brainstem is this? [1]
Label A & B [2]
Pons
A: 4th ventricle
B: Pons
Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved?
DCML
Spinothalamic
Corticospinal
Based on this distribution which spinal tract/s are involved?
DCML
Spinothalamic
Corticospinal
The [] is the innermost layer of the eye
The retina is the innermost layer of the eye
Which structures does the retina contain? [2]
Rod cones
Photosensitive ganglion cells
The optic disc is where which two structures join together? [2]
The optic disc is where the optic nerve joins the retina
The [] is the location of maximal photoreceptor density
The macula is the location of maximal photoreceptor density
Label A-C
A: Fovea
B: Macula
C: Optic disc
Optic radiation
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the [], in the [] nucleus.
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the [] to form the optic radiations, which project to the [] in the [] lobe, where conscious perception of visual images occurs
The paired optic tracts sweep posteriorly and send most axons to synapse in the thalamus, in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
Axons of the thalamic neurons project through the internal capsule to form the optic radiations, which project to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe, where conscious perception of visual images occurs
Nerve fibres in the optic tracts send branches to which locations? [4]
primary visual cortex
midbrain
superior colliculus (visual reflex centre controlling the extrinsic eye muscles)
pretectal nuclei in the midbrain (mediate papillary light reflexes)
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Name this optic pathway defect [1]
Left temporal hemianopia
State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place
State the optic pathway lesions that would be seen in each place
There are 6 extra-ocular muscles controlling eye movement. Name them and the movements they control
Lateral rectus: look laterally
Medial rectus: look medially
Superior rectus: look upward and medially
Inferior rectus: look downward and medially
Superior oblique: look downward and laterally
Inferior oblique: look upward and laterally
Label A-E
A: trochlea
B: superior oblique
C: medial rectus
D: superior rectus
E: lateral rectus
Relaxation of which muscle closes the eyelid? [1]
Closing of the lids requires relaxation of the levator palpebral muscle (CN III)
State the movements the following muscles do:
Superior oblique: [3]
Inferior oblique: [3]
Superior oblique: Depression, abduction and intorsion
Inferior oblique: Elevation, abduction and extorsion
State the movement the following muslces do:
Superior rectus: [3]
Inferior rectus: [3]
Superior rectus: elevation, adduction and intorsion
Inferior rectus: depression, adduction and extorsion
When the eye is ABDUCTED the [] and [] muscles act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.
When the eye is ADDUCTED the [] and [] muscles depress and elevate the globe respectively.
When the eye is ABDUCTED the superior and inferior recti act to elevate and depress the globe respectively.
When the eye is ADDUCTED the superior and inferior oblique depress and elevate the globe respectively.
Superior rectus
Superior rectus
