ANXIOLYTICS AND HYPNOTICS II Flashcards
Anxiety disorders are more common in
Men
Women
Anxiety disorders are more common in
Men
Women (but not by loads)
Which NTs are involve in anxiety?
Monoamerinergic systems: Noradrenaline, 5-HT
Gabanergic systems
Name 5 genes involved in panic disorder [7]
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
CCKB receptor
Adenosine A2 receptor
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)
5-HT2 receptor
probably dont need to lern
Describe the effect of benzodiazepines on GABA-A receptor [1]
Positive allosteric modulators at the receptor complex
(enhance the activity)
Describe the MoA of benzodiazepines? [2]
Increases the frequency of opening of GABA channels causing hyperpolarisation
Name a drug that acts as a benzo antagonist and can be used to treat overdose? [1]
What is administration like? [1]
Flumazenil
Has a short half-life so need continous adminsitration needed
Complications of benzodiazepine use in elderly? [6]
Psychomotor impairment
Risk of falls
Daytime drowsiness
Intoxication
Amnesia
Depression
Respiratory problems
Abuse and dependence
Which nuclei controls circadian rhythm?
Paraventricular nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
Pre-optic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Which nuclei controls circadian rhythm?
Paraventricular nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
Pre-optic nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Which of the following has the shortest half life
temazepam
zolpidem
eszopiclone
lorazepam
Which of the following has the shortest half life
temazepam
zolpidem
eszopiclone
lorazepam
What is the difference in half lifes between Z-drugs and benzodiazepines? [2]
Z-drug: short half life
Benzos: long half life
A deficency in which of the following causes narcolepsy?
Orexins
Histamines
GABA
Melatonin
Setaonin
A deficency in which of the following causes narcolepsy?
Orexins
Histamines
GABA
Melatonin
Setaonin
Name an orexin antagonist that can treat insomnia [1]
Orexins bind to which receptors to promote wakefullness? [2]
Suvorexant
Orexins bind to OX1 & OX2 receptors
Name an orexin antagonist that can treat insomnia [1]
Orexins bind to which receptors to promote wakefullness? [2]
Suvorexant
Orexins bind to OX1 & OX2 receptors
[]A common feature of anxiety disorders is the []activity of limbic structures such as the [] and the inability of higher cortical structures to control this hyperactivity
A common feature of anxiety disorders is the hyperactivity of limbic structures such as the amygdala and the inability of higher cortical structures to control this hyperactivity
These are indications that [] transmission is involved in the
genetic risk for anxiety disorders
Dopamine
Glutamate
GABA
5HT
These are indications that [] transmission is involved in the
genetic risk for anxiety disorders
Dopamine
Glutamate
GABA
5HT
Name 5 classes of drugs that can act as anxiolytics [5]
SSRIs
SNRIs
Benzodiazepines
5-HT1A agonists
β-adrenoceptor antagonists
Name 3 benzodiazepines used as anxiolytics
clonazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam
Name two SNRIs and three SSRIs used as anxiolytics [3]
SSRIs
* fluoxetine, escitalopram, paroxetine
* can be used to treat panic and social phobias
SNRIs:
* venlafaxine, duloxetine
Name two 5HT-1A agonists and one B-adrenoreceptor antagonists used as anxiolytics [3]
5-HT1A agonists: buspirone ipsapirone
β-adrenoceptor antagonists: propranolol
Describe the difference of action of barbiturates versus benzodiazepines on GABA receptors [2]
Barbiturates: increase the duration of how long GABA channels
Benzodiazepines: increase the frequency of the channels open
Benzodiazepines are [] modulators at this
receptor complex
Benzodiazepines are positive allosteric modulators at this
receptor complex
What type of drug is at A & B? [2]
A: Benzo
B: Barbiturate
