The Atom - Quantum Theory and the Atom

Question 1

Bohr’s model of hydrogen

Answer 1

• Neils Bohr: Danish physicist
• specific energies for electrons
• occupy specific orbits
• works well for one e-
• his idea of specific energies and orbits or quantization of e- was correct

Question 2

quantum mechanics

Answer 2

• describes electron energies and arrangements mathematically
• orbital: a volume in space in which an electron or electron pair is found
• sub-level:atomic orbitals of same type
• shell: groups of sub-levels with same number designation

Question 3

hydrogen atom

Answer 3

• one proton + one electron
• collapse in the nucleus?
• ground state: being as close as it can to the nucleus while being stable

Question 4

excited state

Answer 4

• can commonly take the form of the electron jumping from its original energy level or orbital, also known as the ground state, to an empty orbital of a higher energy shell that is further away from the nucleus.

Question 5

helium atom

Answer 5

• 2 protons and 2 electrons
• attraction/repulsion
• the volume that contained the 1e^- in hydrogen is large enough to accommodate another e^-
• satisfies minimum energy principle

Question 6

1s orbital

Answer 6

• spherical volume in which the two electrons of lowest energy in any atom reside

Question 7

lithium and beryllium atoms

Answer 7

• lithium
• 3 protons + 3 electrons
• attraction/repulsion
• bumps 3rd electron out to a higher energy level
• beryllium
• 4 protons + 4 electrons
• attraction/repulsion

Question 8

2s orbital

Answer 8

• spherical volume outside 1s orbital: holds two electrons

Question 9

boron atom

Answer 9

• 5 protons and 5 electrons
• attraction/repulsion
• same energy level different three dimensional volume

Question 10

2p orbital

Answer 10

• arranged in x, y, z plane
• 2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z
• each 2p orbital can hold 2e s
• “figure 8” or dumbbell shaped

Question 11

third energy level

Answer 11

• one - 3s - orbital - 11+12e-
• three - 3p - orbitals - 13-18e-
• five - 3d - orbitals - 21-30e-

Question 12

fourth energy level

Answer 12

• one - 4s - 19+20e-
• three - 4p
• five - 4d
• seven - 4f

Question 13

energy levels and electron occupancy

Answer 13

• 1s^2
• 2s^2 2p^6
• 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10
• 4s^2 4p^6 4d^1 4f^14