Solids, Liquids, and Gases - Intermolecular Forces Determine State of Matter

Question 1

changes in state and attractive forces

Answer 1

• as the attractive forces between molecules becomes larger, it takes more energy to separate them
• as a result, vapor pressures, boiling points and melting points will be larger

Question 2

intermolecular forces

Answer 2

• dipole: dipole interactions
• dispersion forces (London forces)
• hydrogen bonds

Question 3

dipole - dipole interactions

Answer 3

• occur between molecules that have a permanent dipole moment
• H-Cl—-H-Cl

Question 4

dispersion forces

Answer 4

• electron distribution is unsymmetrical at any instant instantaneous dipoles develop
• strength depends on molecular weight as molecular weight increases the number of electrons increases

Question 5

hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

• hydrogen covalently bonded to N, O, or F in one molecule and a non-bonded pair of electrons on N, O, or F in another molecule attract or interact

Question 6

summation of forces

Answer 6

• CH4 (-161 degrees C) to CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (36 degrees C)
• CH3OH (65 degrees C) to CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH (138 degrees C)
• CH3CH3 (30.07 g/mol, -89 degrees C) (df)
• CH2O (30.03 g/mol, -19 degrees C) (df+dd)
• CH3OH (32.04g/mol, 65 degrees C) 9df + dd + H-b)

Question 7

of the three intermolecular forces, the type with the largest dissociation energy is ________

Answer 7

• hydrogen bonds

Question 8

HOH can interact with other like molecules through

Answer 8

• dispersion forces, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonds

Question 9

the boiling point of CH4 would be _______ the boiling point of CH3CH2CH3

Answer 9

• lower than

Question 10

_________ are manifested as instantaneous charge differences due to molecular interactions

Answer 10

• dispersion forces

Question 11

CH3 CH2OH can interact with other like molecules through

Answer 11

• dispersion forces, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonds