Tetracyclines

Question 1

Tetracyclines are what classification of drugs?

Answer 1

broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 2

What are the names of the tetracycline?

Answer 2

• tetracyclines
• demeclocycline
• doxycycline
• eravacycline
• omadacycline
• sarecycline
• minocycline

Question 3

Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 3

bacteriostatic

Question 4

What is Tetracyclines MOA?

Answer 4

• suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
• binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which inhibits binding of transfer RNA to the MRNA ribosome complex

Question 5

What is the causative agent for rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and Q fever?

Answer 5

rickettsia

Question 6

What is the 1st line drug of choice for rickettsia?

Answer 6

a tetracycline

Question 7

What is the 1st line drug of choice for spirochete infection?

Answer 7

a tetracycline

Question 8

What is the 1st line drug of choice for chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 8

a tetracycline

Question 9

What is the 1st line drug of choice for brucella?

Answer 9

a tetracycline

Question 10

What is the 1st line drug of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 10

a tetracycline

Question 11

What is the 1st line drug of choice for helicobacter pylori?

Answer 11

a tetracycline

Question 12

What is the 1st line drug of choice for borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 12

a tetracycline

Question 13

What is the 1st line drug of choice for bacillus anthracis?

Answer 13

a tetracycline

Question 14

What is the 1st line drug of choice for vibrio cholerae?

Answer 14

a tetracycline

Question 15

How are Tetracycline and demeclocycline eliminated from the body?

Answer 15

renal - the kidneys

Question 16

How are doxycycline and minocycline eliminated from the body?

Answer 16

by the liver

Question 17

What effect do the tetracyclines have on warfarin?

Answer 17

increases warfarin levels by altering the vitamin K producing flora in the gut, raises the INR

Question 18

What effect do the tetracyclines have on digoxin?

Answer 18

increases digoxin levels by increasing its absorption in the GI tract

Question 19

What are the adverse effects of the tetracycline group?

Answer 19

• epigastric burning
• cramps
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• esophageal ulceration
• discoloration of developing teeth
• hypoplasia of the enamel
• Super infection - Staphylococcus, c. diff, candida (thrush)
• Hepatotoxicity
• Renal toxicity

Question 20

Which tetracycline drug should be use in a patient with liver impairment?

Answer 20

doxycycline or minocycline

Question 21

Which tetracycline drug should be use in a patient with kidney impairment?

Answer 21

tetracycline or demeclocycline

Question 22

What are the names of the macrolide antibiotics?

Answer 22

• erythromycin
• azithromycin
• clarithromycin

Question 23

Macrolides are used to treat what organisms?

Answer 23

• corynebacterium diphtheria
• chlamydial infections (urethritis, cervicitis)
• mycobacterium pneumoniae (pneumonia)

Question 24

How are the macrolides eliminated from the body?

Answer 24

metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile

Question 25

What are the adverse effects of the macrolides?

Answer 25

- QT prolongation - epigastric pain - N/V - diarrhea

Question 26

Clindamycin is used to treat which organisms?

Answer 26

- Primarily: Anaerobic gram +/- bacteria outside of the CNS - Bacteroides fragilis - fusobacterium species - Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) - anaerobic streptococci

Question 27

What are AE of clindamycin?

Answer 27

c. diff associated diarrhea

Question 28

Linezolid is used to treat which organisms?

Answer 28

- gram positive only (reserve for MRSA and VRE) - Enterococcus faecium (VRE and vanc sensitive) - enterococcus faecalis (VR strains) - S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) - S. epidermidis (including MR strains) - streptococcus pneumoniae (PCN sensitive and resistant strains)

Question 29

What are the AE's of Linezolid?

Answer 29

- diarrhea - nausea - HA

Question 30

What effect does Linezolid have on MAOI?

Answer 30

- increases their effect by acting as a week MAOI | - increases the risk of HTN crisis

Question 31

What effect does Linezolid have on SSRIs?

Answer 31

week MAOI effects increases the concentration of serotonin and the associated risk of developing serotonin syndrome

Question 32

Paroxetine is what type of drug?

Answer 32

SSRI

Question 33

Paxil is what type of drug?

Answer 33

SSRI

Question 34

Duloxetine is what type of drug?

Answer 34

SSRI

Question 35

Duloxetine is also known as?

Answer 35

Cymbalta

Question 36

What are the names of the aminoglycoside drugs?

Answer 36

- tobramycin - gentamycin - amikacin - neomycin

Question 37

tobramycin is what class of drug?

Answer 37

aminoglycoside

Question 38

gentamycin is what class of drug?

Answer 38

aminoglycoside

Question 39

amikacin is what class of drug?

Answer 39

aminoglycoside

Question 40

neomycin is what class of drug?

Answer 40

aminoglycoside

Question 41

The aminoglycosides are used to treat which organisms?

Answer 41

- aerobic gram negative bacteria - e. coli - klebsiella pneumonia - serratia marcescens - proteus mirabilis - pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 42

How are the aminoglycosides eliminated by the body?

Answer 42

by the kidneys

Question 43

How and why are the aminoglycosides administered to treat systemic infections?

Answer 43

parentally d/t poor absorption for the GI tract

Question 44

What are the AE's of the aminoglycosides?

Answer 44

- nephrotoxicity | - ototoxicity

Question 45

What are the first signs of cochlear damage associated with aminoglycoside use?

Answer 45

- high pitched tinnitus, HA or both

Question 46

What are the first signs of vestibular damage associated with aminoglycoside use?

Answer 46

- HA lasting up to 2 days then, - nausea - unsteadiness - dizziness - vertigo

Question 47

Which drugs are combined with an aminoglycoside to increase is effectiveness?

Answer 47

- pcn - cephalosporins - vancomycin

Question 48

Which drugs increase the risk of ototoxicity when combine with an aminoglycoside?

Answer 48

loop diuretic

Question 49

Gentamycin is used to treat with organisms?

Answer 49

- aerobic gram negative bacilli - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella , serratia, P mirabilis)

Question 50

An aminoglycoside is combined with vancomycin, cephalosporins, or PCN to treat which organisms?

Answer 50

- gram (+) organisms - enterococcus species - some streptococci - s. aureus