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Specialized Pharmacology MN650 > Tetracyclines > Flashcards

Tetracyclines Flashcards

1
Q

Tetracyclines are what classification of drugs?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

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2
Q

What are the names of the tetracycline?

A
  • tetracyclines
  • demeclocycline
  • doxycycline
  • eravacycline
  • omadacycline
  • sarecycline
  • minocycline
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3
Q

Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

bacteriostatic

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4
Q

What is Tetracyclines MOA?

A
  • suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
  • binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which inhibits binding of transfer RNA to the MRNA ribosome complex
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5
Q

What is the causative agent for rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and Q fever?

A

rickettsia

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6
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for rickettsia?

A

a tetracycline

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7
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for spirochete infection?

A

a tetracycline

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8
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for chlamydia trachomatis?

A

a tetracycline

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9
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for brucella?

A

a tetracycline

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10
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

a tetracycline

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11
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for helicobacter pylori?

A

a tetracycline

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12
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for borrelia burgdorferi?

A

a tetracycline

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13
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for bacillus anthracis?

A

a tetracycline

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14
Q

What is the 1st line drug of choice for vibrio cholerae?

A

a tetracycline

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15
Q

How are Tetracycline and demeclocycline eliminated from the body?

A

renal - the kidneys

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16
Q

How are doxycycline and minocycline eliminated from the body?

A

by the liver

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17
Q

What effect do the tetracyclines have on warfarin?

A

increases warfarin levels by altering the vitamin K producing flora in the gut, raises the INR

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18
Q

What effect do the tetracyclines have on digoxin?

A

increases digoxin levels by increasing its absorption in the GI tract

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19
Q

What are the adverse effects of the tetracycline group?

A
  • epigastric burning
  • cramps
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • esophageal ulceration
  • discoloration of developing teeth
  • hypoplasia of the enamel
  • Super infection - Staphylococcus, c. diff, candida (thrush)
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Renal toxicity
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20
Q

Which tetracycline drug should be use in a patient with liver impairment?

A

doxycycline or minocycline

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21
Q

Which tetracycline drug should be use in a patient with kidney impairment?

A

tetracycline or demeclocycline

22
Q

What are the names of the macrolide antibiotics?

A
  • erythromycin
  • azithromycin
  • clarithromycin
23
Q

Macrolides are used to treat what organisms?

A
  • corynebacterium diphtheria
  • chlamydial infections (urethritis, cervicitis)
  • mycobacterium pneumoniae (pneumonia)
24
Q

How are the macrolides eliminated from the body?

A

metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of the macrolides?

A
  • QT prolongation
  • epigastric pain
  • N/V
  • diarrhea
26
Q

Clindamycin is used to treat which organisms?

A
  • Primarily: Anaerobic gram +/- bacteria outside of the CNS
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • fusobacterium species
  • Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene)
  • anaerobic streptococci
27
Q

What are AE of clindamycin?

A

c. diff associated diarrhea

28
Q

Linezolid is used to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram positive only (reserve for MRSA and VRE)
  • Enterococcus faecium (VRE and vanc sensitive)
  • enterococcus faecalis (VR strains)
  • S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA)
  • S. epidermidis (including MR strains)
  • streptococcus pneumoniae (PCN sensitive and resistant strains)
29
Q

What are the AE’s of Linezolid?

A
  • diarrhea
  • nausea
  • HA
30
Q

What effect does Linezolid have on MAOI?

A
  • increases their effect by acting as a week MAOI

- increases the risk of HTN crisis

31
Q

What effect does Linezolid have on SSRIs?

A

week MAOI effects increases the concentration of serotonin and the associated risk of developing serotonin syndrome

32
Q

Paroxetine is what type of drug?

A

SSRI

33
Q

Paxil is what type of drug?

A

SSRI

34
Q

Duloxetine is what type of drug?

A

SSRI

35
Q

Duloxetine is also known as?

A

Cymbalta

36
Q

What are the names of the aminoglycoside drugs?

A
  • tobramycin
  • gentamycin
  • amikacin
  • neomycin
37
Q

tobramycin is what class of drug?

A

aminoglycoside

38
Q

gentamycin is what class of drug?

A

aminoglycoside

39
Q

amikacin is what class of drug?

A

aminoglycoside

40
Q

neomycin is what class of drug?

A

aminoglycoside

41
Q

The aminoglycosides are used to treat which organisms?

A
  • aerobic gram negative bacteria
  • e. coli
  • klebsiella pneumonia
  • serratia marcescens
  • proteus mirabilis
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
42
Q

How are the aminoglycosides eliminated by the body?

A

by the kidneys

43
Q

How and why are the aminoglycosides administered to treat systemic infections?

A

parentally d/t poor absorption for the GI tract

44
Q

What are the AE’s of the aminoglycosides?

A
  • nephrotoxicity

- ototoxicity

45
Q

What are the first signs of cochlear damage associated with aminoglycoside use?

A
  • high pitched tinnitus, HA or both
46
Q

What are the first signs of vestibular damage associated with aminoglycoside use?

A
  • HA lasting up to 2 days then,
  • nausea
  • unsteadiness
  • dizziness
  • vertigo
47
Q

Which drugs are combined with an aminoglycoside to increase is effectiveness?

A
  • pcn
  • cephalosporins
  • vancomycin
48
Q

Which drugs increase the risk of ototoxicity when combine with an aminoglycoside?

A

loop diuretic

49
Q

Gentamycin is used to treat with organisms?

A
  • aerobic gram negative bacilli
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella , serratia, P mirabilis)
50
Q

An aminoglycoside is combined with vancomycin, cephalosporins, or PCN to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram (+) organisms
  • enterococcus species
  • some streptococci
  • s. aureus

Specialized Pharmacology MN650 (28 decks)

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