HIV/AIDS

Question 1

HIV infects what cells?

Answer 1

• cells that express the CD4 receptor
• Macrophages
• CD4 T-lymphocytes
• Langerhan cells of the skin

Question 2

What are the steps of the recommended lab testing Algorithm for HIV?

Answer 2

1) HIV-1/HIV-2 Antigen/antibody combination immunoassay
- If positive, no other test is needed
2) HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay
- if positive for one or both, no further test is needed
3) Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)

Question 3

HIV Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug regimen?

Answer 3

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg QD and emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg daily

Question 4

What are the drugs for non-occupational post exposure HIV prophylaxis?

Answer 4

- tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC
and  
- raltegravir (RAL)
             or
- dolutegravir (DTG)
             or
- darunavir (DRV)/ritonavir (RTV)

Question 5

What are the drugs for occupational post exposure HIV prophylaxis?

Answer 5

- tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)
            and 
- raltegravir (RAL)
              or
- dolutegravir (DTG)

Question 6

How soon should HIV post exposure prophylaxis be started?

Answer 6

< 72 hrs of exposure

Question 7

How long is the treatment course for HIV post exposure prophylaxis?

Answer 7

28 days

Question 8

What is the normal CD4 cell count value?

Answer 8

500-1400 cells/mcl

Question 9

What is the normal CD4/CD8 ratio value?

Answer 9

> 1

Question 10

What is the CD4/CD8 ratio value in a pt with HIV?

Answer 10

< 1

Question 11

What test should be ordered during the initial evaluation of HIV?

Answer 11

• CBC
• CMP
• CD4 cell count (cells/mcl)
• CD4/CD8 ratio
• Quantitative HIV RNA level (viral load)
• HIV drug resistance testing
• Hepatitis Screening (A,B,C)
• Vit-D level

Question 12

What are the most common opportunistic infections associated with AIDs?

Answer 12

• Pneumocystis Jiroveci
• Cryptosporidium parvum
• Candidiasis: esophageal, bronchial, tracheal, or pulmonary
• chronic herpes simplex present ≥ 1 month