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Specialized Pharmacology MN650 > Cerebral Structural Anormalities > Flashcards

Cerebral Structural Anormalities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of an aneurysm?

A

abnormal dilation of an artery that results from a weakening of the intima vessel layer

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2
Q

Where are cerebral aneurysms usually located?

A

base of the brain or subarachnoid space

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3
Q

What are risk factors to aneurysm formation?

A
  • HTN
  • smoking
  • atherosclerosis
  • heavy EtOH use
  • congenital abnormalities
  • infection
  • trauma
  • cocaine abuse
  • fam hx
  • female > 55 y/o
  • AA or Hispanic
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4
Q

What are the types of aneurysms?

A
  • berry (saccular)
  • fusiform
  • mycotic
  • pseudo-aneurysm (traumatic)
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5
Q

What is the most common type of aneurysm?

A

Berry (saccular) and tend to occur at arterial bifurcations

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Berry aneurysm

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7
Q

This type of aneurysm is formed after a traumatic injury or from the formation of atherosclerotic plaque?

A

fusiform

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8
Q

This type of aneurysm balloon or bulge out on all sides of the artery and take on bizarre shapes?

A

fusiform

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9
Q

This type of aneurysm forms d/t an infection in another part of the body that affects the wall of the artery, which then spreads to the cerebral blood vessel?

A

mycotic

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10
Q

mycotic aneurysms are most often associated with which type of infection?

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

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11
Q

This type of aneurysm only affects the outermost layer of the artery and usually occurs from a traumatic injury (e.g. penetrating trauma)

A

pseudo-aneurysm

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12
Q

When should treatment of an aneurysm considered?

A
  • size greater than or equal to 5 mm
  • located in the posterior circulation
  • prior hx of aneurysm rupture
  • odd, non-smooth morphology
  • changes in shape or size
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13
Q

What is suspected when a patient presents with the worst HA of their life?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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14
Q

Intervention options for treatment for aneurysms?

A
  • coiling

- surgical clipping

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15
Q

What is the treatment of choice for vasospasms?

A
  • CCB

- Nimodipine (60mg q4h x 21 days)

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16
Q

What meds are used to treat vasospasms?

A
  • CCB (nimodipine)
  • milrinone (0.5 mcg/kg/min infusion x 21 days)
  • mag sulfate (360 mg PO qd)
17
Q

What is the dosage of nimodipine in the tx of vasospams?

A

60mg q4h x 21 days

18
Q

What is the dosage of milrinone in treatment of vasospasm?

A

0.5 mcg/kg/min infusion x 21 days

19
Q

What is the dosage of mag sulfate in the tx of vasospasm?

A

360 mg PO qd

20
Q

Condition in which an excessive amount of of CSF accumulates within the cerebral ventricles?

A

hydrocephalus

21
Q

What is the treatment of hydrocephalus?

A

placement of an external ventricular drain or lumbar drain

22
Q

What is the most common symptom of an arteriovenous malformation?

A

cerebral hemorrhage and seizures

23
Q

An anomalous connection between an artery and veins in the dura mater?

A

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVFs)

24
Q

Benign symptoms of DAVFs?

A

tinnitus or visual changes

25
Q

Aggressive symptoms of DAVFs?

A
  • r/t location
  • can develop gradually
  • sudden HA
  • seizure
  • dysphagia
  • parkinsonism
26
Q

Management of a DAVF includes?

A
  • endovascular embolization

- stent placement with embolization

27
Q

How much CSF does the brain normally produce?

A

500mL/day

28
Q

Types of hydrocephalus?

A
  • communicating
  • noncommunicating
  • hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
  • NPH
29
Q

Type of hydrocephalus that occurs when the flow of CSF is obstructed after it exits the ventricles?

A

communicating

30
Q

Type of hydrocephalus that occurs within or next to the ventricular system, preventing CSF made in the lateral and third ventricles from circulating normally?

A

non-communicating

31
Q

What is the most prevalent type of brain tumor?

A

gliomas

Specialized Pharmacology MN650 (28 decks)

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