Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Specialized Pharmacology MN650 > Cephalosporins/Carbapenems > Flashcards

Cephalosporins/Carbapenems Flashcards

1
Q

A disulfiram effect can occur with the use of alcohol and which cephalosporins?

A

cefazolin and cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increased risk of bleeding occurs with which cephalosporins and why?

A
  • cefazolin, cefotetan and ceftriaxone

- they interfere with vitamin K metabolism which can inhibit the formation of clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1st generation cephalosporins are use to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram positive
  • staphylococci
  • streptococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins are use to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram pos/neg organisms
  • h. influenzae
  • klebsiella
  • pneumococci
  • staphylococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins are use to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram neg organisms
  • P. aeruginosa
  • neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • klebsiella
  • serratia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4th generation cephalosporins are use to treat which organisms?

A

gram neg organism (p. aeruginosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5th generation cephalosporins are use to treat which organisms?

A

MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organisms are Imipenem use to treat?

A
  • gram neg cocci
  • gram neg bacilli
  • anaerobic bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is cilastatin combined imipenem?

A

it prevents imipenem breakdown by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drug is combined with imipenem to prevent renal breakdown?

A

cilastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organisms are Vancomycin used to treat?

A
  • gram positive bacteria only
  • staphylococcus aureas
  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • MRSA strains of the S. aureas and epidermidis
  • streptococci
  • PCN resistant pneumococci
  • Clostridium difficile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of organism is Clostridium Difficile?

A
  • gram positive, spore forming anaerobic bacillus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the mild symptoms of C. Difficile infection?

A
  • abdominal discomfort
  • nausea
  • fever
  • diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the severe complications of C. Difficile infection?

A
  • dehydration
  • e-lyte disturbances
  • toxic megacolon
  • pseudomembranous colitis
  • colon perforation
  • renal failure
  • sepsis
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat the initial occurrence of C. Difficile infection?

A
  • PO vancomycin (Vancocin)

- PO fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which antibiotics most likely to lead to C. Diff infection?

A
  • Clindamycin
  • second and third generation cephalosporins
  • fluoroquinolones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the main risk factor for C. Difficile infection?

A

antibiotic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A fulminant C. Diff infection is characterized by the presence of what conditions?

A
  • shock
  • toxic megacolon
  • hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are alternative treatments to vanco and fidaxomicin for C. Diff infection?

A
  • Rifaximin – approve to treat diarrhea caused by E. Coli, can reduce recurrence of infection following tx with vanco
  • Bezlotoxumab - Monoclonal Antibodies directed against C. diff. toxins A and B, reduce recurrence when given concurrently with metronidazole or vancomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 1st generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefadroxil
  • cefazolin
  • cephalexin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefaclor
  • cefotetan
  • cefoxitin
  • cefprozil
  • cefuroxime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefdinir
  • cefditoren
  • cefixime
  • cefotaxime
  • cefpodoxime
  • ceftazidime
  • ceftibuten
  • ceftriaxone
23
Q

What are the 4th generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefepime

- ceftolozane

24
Q

What are the 5th generation cephalosporins?

A
  • ceftaroline
25
Q

cefadroxil is what type of drug?

A

1st generation cephalosporin

26
Q

cefazolin is what type of drug?

A

1st generation cephalosporin

27
Q

cephalexin is what type of drug?

A

1st generation cephalosporin

28
Q

cefaclor is what type of drug?

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

29
Q

cefotetan is what type of drug?

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

30
Q

cefoxitin is what type of drug?

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

31
Q

cefprozil is what type of drug?

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

32
Q

cefuroxime is what type of drug?

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

33
Q

cefdinir is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

34
Q

cefixime is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

35
Q

cefotaxime is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

36
Q

cefpodoxime is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

37
Q

ceftazidime is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

38
Q

ceftibuten is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

39
Q

ceftriaxone is what type of drug?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

40
Q

cefepime is what type of drug?

A

4th generation cephalosporin

41
Q

ceftolozane is what type of drug?

A

4th generation cephalosporin

42
Q

ceftaroline is what type of drug?

A

5th generation cephalosporin

43
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is the preferred treatment for patients with mild PCN allergies and for surgical prophylaxis?

A

1st generation

44
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is the preferred treatment for otitis, sinusitis, and URI?

A

2nd generation

45
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is the preferred treatment for meningitis?

A

3rd generation

46
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is the preferred treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia and complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections?

A

4th generation

47
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is the preferred treatment for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

A

5th generation

48
Q

What type of drug should be combined with imipenem when used to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

an antipseudonomal drug

49
Q

Imipenem is used to treat which organisms?

A
  • gram positive cocci
  • gram negative cocci
  • gram negative bacilli
  • anaerobes
50
Q

What are the names of the carbapenems?

A
  • doripenem
  • ertapenem
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • meropenem
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
51
Q

What are the AE of imipenem?

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • rarely: seizures and superinfections
52
Q

What affect does imipenem have on valproate?

A

reduces valproate blood levels, allowing breakthrough seizures to occur

53
Q

What type of drug is valproate?

A

antiseizure drug

Specialized Pharmacology MN650 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions