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EQM351 > Tetanus > Flashcards

Tetanus Flashcards

1
Q

Caused by

A

exotoxins of Clostridium tetani

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2
Q

Characterized by

A

rigid paralysis

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3
Q

gram positive or negative?

A

gram positive

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4
Q

Route of infection

A

contaminated puncture wounds

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5
Q

Occurs in (location)

A

all parts of the world

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6
Q

Causative wounds are not found in ___% of infected horses

A

15-30%

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7
Q

Causes this sort of stance

A

sawhorse

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8
Q

Other clinical signs:

A

rigidity of head and neck muscles - cannot eat or drink
prolapse of third eyelid
recumbency
tonic spasms (to sound, light, touch)

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9
Q

Can cause death due to

A

respiratory failure

laryngeal spasm and asphyxia; contraction of chest wall,, diaphragm and abdomen

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10
Q

Two toxins produced:

A

tetanolysin

tetanospasmin

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11
Q

Tetanolysin

A

damages tissue, creating favorable conditions for anaerobic infection

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12
Q

Tetanospasmin

A

Reaches bloodstream, reaching peripheral nerver terminals throughout the body
Binds irreversibly to inhibitory neurons creating sustained excitatory discharge of motor neurons = rigid muscles

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13
Q

Muscle contractions can cause

A

rhabdomyolysis, hemorrhage, tendon avulsion, fracture of bones

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14
Q

Diagnosis is based on

A

Clinical signs and vaccination record

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15
Q

Treatment

A

Safe, quiet environment
Anti-toxin administration (eliminate unbound toxin)
Sedation and muscle relaxation
General support

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16
Q

Prognosis

A

75% mortality

Higher chance of survival if detected early

17
Q

Broodmare vaccination

A

4-6 weeks pre-partum

18
Q

Foal vaccination

A

begins at 3-4 months of age

19
Q

Vaccination dosage

A

2-3 initial doses

annual booster

20
Q

Injured horse injections

A

administer the anti-toxin and vaccine

different syringes and sites!

21
Q

Humans that work with horses are recommended to be vaccinated every

A

10 years

EQM351 (26 decks)

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