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EQM351 > Anti-Microbial Agents > Flashcards

Anti-Microbial Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stained gram+ color

A

purple

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2
Q

Gram stained gram- color

A

pinkish

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3
Q

bacteriostatic agents…

A

prevent growth

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4
Q

bactericidal agents

A

kill

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5
Q

4 classes of antibiotics

A
  1. cell wall synthesis inhibitors
  2. protein synthesis inhibitors
  3. folic acid synthesis inhibitors
  4. DNA synthesis inhibitors
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6
Q

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics
cephalosporins
other drugs

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7
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Tetracyclines
macrolides
other drugs

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8
Q

folic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

sulfonamides

trimethoprim

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9
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

quinolones

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10
Q

principle of antibiotic therapy

A

harm the parasite, not the host

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11
Q

Penicillins are

A

beta-lactam antibiotics

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12
Q

Penicillins inhibit bacteria by

A

impeding cell wall synthesis

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13
Q

Penicillins are unstable

A

in acidic pH

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14
Q

Penicillin is the drug of choice for infections caused by

A 
streptococcus
meningococcus
anthrax
clostridium
etc
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15
Q

Hypersensitivity to penicillin can lead to

A

anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

semi-synthetic penicillins

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin
methicillin

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17
Q

penicillins are administered

A

oral or IM - never IV!

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18
Q

penicillins are susceptible to destruction by

A

beta-lactamase (penicillase)

19
Q

cephalosporins are similar to penicillins in what way(s)

A

chemically
mechanism of action
toxicity

20
Q

Cephalosporins are _________ ___________ compared to penicillins

A

broader spectrum

21
Q

Cephalosporin generations 1 & 2 are for

A

gram+

22
Q

Cephalosporin generations 3 & 4 are for

A

gram- (cross BBB)

23
Q

Side effects of antibiotics are more likely if you…

A

use multiple antibiotics together

24
Q

Other beta lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors and cell-wall synthesis inhibitors

A

clavulonic acid
carbapenems
vancomycin
bacitracin

25
Q

How tetracycline works

A

accumulates inside bacterial cell & binds to ribosomes, impeding formation of new protein

26
Q

Tetracyclines should be avoided for

A

young horses or pregnant mares

27
Q

Tetracyclines can’t be ingested with

A

calcium

28
Q

Tetracyclines work on

A

gram+, gram-, reckettsia, anaerobes, protozoa, etc. (broad spectrum)

29
Q

Macrolides

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azythromycin

30
Q

Macrolides can cause

A

diarrhea
light sensitivity
fever

31
Q

Macrolides are not to be used in horses

A

over a year old

32
Q

Macrolides are used in conjunction with _________ to treat _____________

A

Rimfampin

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals

33
Q

Other protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
aminiglycosides
streptomycin
neomycin
gentamicin
amikacin
trobramycin
34
Q

They are used against ______ bacteria

A

enteric

35
Q

Triple antibiotic ointment contains

A

bacitracin
neomycin
polymyxin b

36
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors are extremely

A

ototoxic and nephrotoxic (ear, kidney)

37
Q

sulfonamides (sulfas) reversibly block

A

folic acid synthesis

38
Q

Sulfas are bacteri_______

A

-ostatic

39
Q

bacteriostatic drugs stop

A

multiplication

40
Q

PABA

A

para-aminobenzoic acid - some microorganisms require it to form folic acid - for nucleic acid synthesis

41
Q

Trimethoprim is used in conjunction with

A

SMZ (sulfamethoxazole)

42
Q

sulfa+trimethoprim =

A

bactericidal

43
Q

Fluoroquinolones: floxacins are _________ _________

A

broad spectrum

44
Q

floxacins are useful against

A

E coli, great for gram-, newer also good for gram+

EQM351 (26 decks)

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