Laryngeal Hemiplasia

Question 1

Has been referred to as

Answer 1

a distal axonopathy

Question 2

laryngeal muscle that opens the rima glottidis

Answer 2

dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 3

Grade I

Answer 3

both left and right abduct completely and synchronously during respiration

Question 4

Grade II

Answer 4

Left arytenoid abducts asynchronously during respiration. Full abduction can be induced by occluding the nares.

Question 5

Grade III

Answer 5

Left arytenoid abducts asynchronously during respiration. Full abduction can NOT be induced by occluding the nares.

Question 6

Grade IV

Answer 6

Left arytenoid does not abduct during respiration and stays at or near the midline of the larynx when the right arytenoid abducts

Question 7

Surgical treatments

Answer 7

prosthetic laryngoplasty ("Tieback")*
ventriculectomy
ventriculocordectomy
partial arytenoidectomy
subtotal arytnoidectomy
dorsal cricoarytenoid reinnervation

Question 8

Details of tieback surgery

Answer 8

a suture replaces the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle and permanently abducts the arytenoid to a normal resting position. Also abducts the vocal cord and prevents collapse