Salmonella

Question 1

Causes ________ disease

Answer 1

enteric or systemic

Question 2

2 species

Answer 2

S. enterica

S. bongori

Question 3

host adapted salmonella causes

Answer 3

systemic disease

Question 4

non-host adapted salmonella causes

Answer 4

colitis and diarrhea

can produce systemic disease in neonates

Question 5

Salmonella is gram

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

Source of infection

Answer 6

difficult to identify

Question 7

Route of infection

Answer 7

oral

Question 8

Outbreaks

Answer 8

in hospitalized animals

Question 9

Horses shed more in ______ than ______

Answer 9

summer, winter

Question 10

Can persist in fecal matter for

Answer 10

months - years

Question 11

salmonella and commercial feed

Answer 11

up to 40% is positive
none is certified salmonella free
pelleting may destroy

Question 12

Other sources of contamination

Answer 12

bird and rodent feces

pasture contamination

Question 13

What about the horse resists salmonella?

Answer 13

Normal gut flora and motility

Question 14

Risk factors

Answer 14

foals
stress
deworming
high temperatures

Question 15

Infection depends on

Answer 15

bacterial load

Question 16

salmonella invades the

Answer 16

intestinal epithelial cells

Question 17

Causes:

Answer 17

large inflammatory respons

Question 18

Inflammation and epithelial necrosis result in

Answer 18

loss of serum protein into the lumen, leading to hypoproteinemia

Question 19

hypovolemia

Answer 19

decrease in the volume of blood in the body

Question 20

Endotoxins are released when

Answer 20

microbes die or divide

Question 21

leukopenia

Answer 21

decrease in the number of white blood cells

Question 22

septicemia

Answer 22

foals more susceptible

Question 23

One challenge of salmonella is that there are

Answer 23

silent carriers

Question 24

Clinical signs of mild infection

Answer 24

fever
reduced feed intake
loose stool
differential diagnosis with mild respiratory disease

Question 25

Clinical signs of severe infection

Answer 25

acute diarrhea
colic
anorexia
fluid / electrolyte losses
dehydration
>liver and kidney damage, laminitis

Question 26

Challenge of diagnosis

Answer 26

false-positives and false-negatives

Question 27

Testing

Answer 27

3 negative tests

Question 28

Antibiotic administration

Answer 28

controversial

Question 29

Diagnosis

Answer 29

bacterial isolation

Question 30

fecal culture

Answer 30

difficult

Question 31

Administer?

Answer 31

Banamine (anti-endotoxic effect)
Fluids
Nursing care

Question 32

Prevention of salmonella

Answer 32

quarantine new arrivals or those coming from hospital
cleanliness
avoid overcrowding
pelleted feeds
control pest access to horse housing