Test2-Peripheral Vascular System-MJ Flashcards
Do the arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Oxygenated
Are the artery walls low or high pressure systems?
High pressure systems
What kind of muscle do the arteries contain?
Smooth
What artery supplies blood to the arm?
Brachial
The brachial artery splits into what two arteries?
Radial and ulnar
Where do you find the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Tendon from top of the foot to great toe
The pulse is lateral adjacent to that tendon
Claudication is similar to angina, but it is called claudication in the ___.
Legs
What is claudication the result of?
Peripheral artery disease
During claudication the blood flow is ___ than the muscle demand
Less
What does claudication cause?
Muscle pain and fatigue when walking
Are veins superficial or deep?
Superficial
Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated
Are veins low or high pressure systems?
Low
How does blood get back to the heart–how does it defy gravity? (3 answers)
- Contracting muscles “milk” the veins
- Inspiration creates negative pressure
- One-way valves in the vein
Why does bed rest=danger?
Increased risk of DVT
What are some other ways that DVT is increased?
Airplanes Long period of sitting Smoking Birth control BED REST!!!
T or F: Lymphatics are a completely separate vessel system?
TRUE
What do the lymphatics do?
Retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins
What system in the body are the lymphatics a major part of?
Immune system
What are lymph nodes?
Small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue
What do the lymph nodes do?
Filter fluid before it returns to the bloodstream
Can you feel lymph nodes in most people?
No; you can in children though
What are the 4 “headquarter” lymph nodes?
Cervical nodes
Axillary nodes
Epitrochlear nodes
Inguinal nodes
What do the cervical nodes drain?
Head and neck
What do the axillary nodes drain?
Breast and upper arm
Where is the epitrochlear node near?
The elbow
What does the epitrochlear node drain?
Hand and lower arm
What does the inguinal nodes drain?
Lower extremity, external genitalia, and anterior abdominal wall
What do you inspect for in the upper extremities?
Skin color Temp Texture Skin turgor Nail bed color Clubbing Cap refill
For the upper extremities, where do you feel the temperature?
Feel temp at the BACK of the hand (the dorsal surface)
What do you inspect on the lower extremities?
Skin color Temp Hair distribution Venous pattern Size Lesions or ulcers
For lower extremities, why is important to look for hair distribution pattens?
Hair distribution in the lower extremities means there is bad circulation to the lower extremities
What may occur to the lower extremities when blood is able to come down, but it can’t drain back out?
Venous or arterial stasis
Usually, what is more seen: venous or arterial stasis?
Venous
How is venous stasis characterized by?
Brawny edema
Skin coarse, thick, and hard
Pulse is still normal
Skin is brownish color
Why is the skin a brownish color in venous stasis?
The RBC are leaked into the tissue and are dying or being lysed and the iron is leaving the RBCs
If a patient had arterial stasis, would we still be able to feel their pulse like we can with venous stasis?
No
What is raynaud phenomenon and where is this seen?
This is due to arterial spasms and blood cannot get where they need to go. This happens in the upper extremities
What are the characteristics of Raynaud Phenomenon?
Colors of red, white, and blue patterns
Cold hands
If a patient has Raynaud Phenomenon, what can you tell them to do when they feel an onset of symptoms?
Tell them to swing their arms around like a wheel (a circumferential movement)
What is the pulse grading chart?
3+ = full, bounding 2+ = normal 1+ = weak, thready 0 = absent
How do we find femoral pulses, particularly in obese people?
- Ask the person to bend their knees to the side like a froglike position
- Press firmly, then slowly release, noting the pulse tap under your fingertips
- If the pulse is weak or diminished, auscultate the site for a bruit
What side of the stethoscope do we listen to a bruit with?
The bell (low pitched sound)
How do you find the posterior tibial pulse?
Curve fingers around the medial malleous, the pulse is somewhere in between medial malleous and Achilles tendon
Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Lateral to tendon of the great toe
How many seconds do you press for when checking edema?
5 seconds
What is it called when edema is only on one side?
Unilateral edema
When does unilateral edema occur?
With occlusion of a deep vein
Unilateral or bilateral edema occurs with _______.
Lymphatic obstruction
What are the characteristics when it is lymphatic obstruction?
Brawny or non-pitting and feels hard to the touch
Are lymph nodes normally palpable?
No
When are there enlarged lymph nodes?
Infection
Malignancy
Immunologic disease
Are lymph nodes in infants and children palpable?
Yes
How do lymph nodes in children feel?
Small
Firm (shotty)
Mobile
Non-tender
