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Health Assessment > Test2-Heart Notes from Mrs. Scoby-MJ > Flashcards

Test2-Heart Notes from Mrs. Scoby-MJ Flashcards

1
Q

What does the right side of the heart deal with?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

What does the left side of the heart deal with?

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

What side works harder and why?

A

Systemic side (so left side), this is the side the pumps all the blood around the body

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4
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A 
Right atrium (Pulmonary)
Right ventricle (pulmonary)
Left atrium (systemic)
Left ventricle (systemic)
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5
Q

What are the different vessels of the heart?

A 
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Tricuspid valve (AV valve)
Bicuspid (mitral/AV valve)
Pulmonic valve
Aortic valve
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6
Q

What is the shape of the heart..as in where is the apex and base located?

A

Apex is the inferior end

Base is at the top (so superior)

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7
Q

During S1, what is happening to the ventricles and valves?

A 
Ventricles contract (squeeze)
AV close (refilling)
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8
Q

During S2, what is happening to the ventricles and valves?

A 
Atrias contract (squeeze)
Semi-lunar valves close (refilling)
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9
Q

Where can S3 sounds be heard?

A

Renal failure, CHF, fluid overload, and pregnant women

*Think S3, need to pee (not literal, but makes you think lots of fluid)

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10
Q

Where can S4 sounds be heard?

A

Cardiomegaly and CAD

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11
Q

What happens during a split S1?

A

AV valves don’t close at exactly the same time

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12
Q

What happens during a split S2?

A

Semilunar valves don’t close at exactly the same time

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13
Q

What is the flow of blood?

A 
Superior and inferior vena cava-->
RA-->
Tricuspid valve (AV valve)--> 
RV-->
Pulmonic Valve (semilunar)-->
Pulmonary artery-->
Lungs-->
Pulmonary veins-->
Left atrium-->
Bicuspid valve (AV valve/mitral)-->
Left ventricle-->
Aortic Valve (semilunar)-->
Aorta-->
Body
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14
Q

What is it called when there is that last 25% of blood the needs to get out of the atrium so it contracts a little to push all the blood in?

A

Atrial kick

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15
Q

What are murmurs?

A

A turbulent sound of blood going through the vessels

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16
Q

Are all murmurs pathologic?

A

No; some are physiologic

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17
Q

What are the two kinds of murmurs?

A

Systolic and diastolic

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18
Q

What are the systolic murmurs?

A

Mitral regurgitation
Physiologic murmur
Aortic stenosis (stiff)
Mitral valve prolapse

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19
Q

What are the diastolic murmurs?

A

Aortic regurgitation

Mitral stenosis

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20
Q

Out of the systolic and diastolic murmurs, which one is more of a big deal?

A

Diastolic

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21
Q

What is a barely audible murmur?

A

2

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22
Q

What is a loud murmur?

A

6

23
Q

Does the pulmonary or systemic side work harder?

A

Systemic–stronger because pushing against blood pressure and delivers blood through the rest of the body

24
Q

Do the vessels that dump blood into the right atrium have any valves/doors to enter/exit? What does this mean?

A

No; once it is in it is going to the right atrium and if the right atrium is blocked up, problems may occur

25
Q

What would happen if the right atrium is blocked up and the blood backs up into the superior vena cava?

A

JVD (jugular vein distention)

26
Q

What would happen if the right atrium is blocked up and the blood backs up into the inferior vena cava?

A

Lower extremity swelling

27
Q

What is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

28
Q

Do pulmonary veins hold oxygenated blood?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is the “workhorse of the heart”?

A

Left ventricle

30
Q

What is the atrial kick?

A

Last 25% of the valve emptying to fully empty

31
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur: Physiological murmur

A

Systolic

32
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur:

Aortic regurgitation

A

Diastolic

33
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur:

Mitral regurgitation

A

Systolic

34
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur:

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Systolic

35
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur:

Mitral stenosis

A

Diastolic

36
Q

Is this a systolic or diastolic murmur:

Aortic stenosis

A

Systolic

37
Q

During inspection, what do we look for?

A

Inspect the precordium (the area covering the heart and vessels: front of chest)

38
Q

What do you look for during inspection of the chest area?

A

Deformities
Scars (previous surgeries)
Heaves/lifts (actually seeing the heart beat through the skin)
Shape of chest

39
Q

When you auscultate, what is the order you go from start to finish?

A 
Aortic area
Pulmonic area
Erbs point
Tricuspid
Mitral

From start to finish use the diaphragm, then go back up backwards listening in the same locations using the bell of the stethoscope

40
Q

Where do you find the aortic area?

A

Right chest wall
Second intercostal space
Right sternal border

41
Q

Where do you find the pulmonic area?

A

Left sternal border

2nd intercostal space

42
Q

Where do you find Erbs point?

A

3rd intercostal space

Left sternal border

43
Q

What is the significance of Erbs point?

A

This is where you hear S1 and S2 at the same volume (the apical pulse)

44
Q

Where do you find the tricuspid area?

A

5th intercostal space

Left sternal border

45
Q

Where do you find the mitral area?

A

5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

46
Q

What is PMI and why is it important?

A

Point of maximal intensity; if this is far to the outside there is possibly an enlarged heart. This can also be seen in pregnancy since the entire diaphragm is pushed up

47
Q

QUIZ: Doc picked up a chart and wrote they had aortic stenosis. What kind of murmur is this?

A

Systolic

48
Q

QUIZ: If a patient has mitral regurgitation, what kind of murmur is this? Where do you listen?

A

Systolic; mitral area (5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line)
*Can also listen under left axilla

49
Q

QUIZ: What is the strongest side of the heart and why?

A

Left side; it has to pump harder

50
Q

QUIZ: When there is fluid overload in the right atria, where does all the blood go?

A

Back up into the superior (JVT) &/or inferior vena cava (swelling in lower extremities [legs])

51
Q

QUIZ: When ausculating a patients chest, what landmarks need to be identified?

A

Sternal notch
Angle of louis
2nd intercostal space

52
Q

QUIZ: What is happening to the ventricles and valves in S1?

A

Ventricle contraction

AV valves closing

53
Q

QUIZ: What is happening to the atria and valves in S2?

A

Atria contracting

Semilunar valves closing

54
Q

QUIZ: Where is the PMI?

A

5th intercostal space on the left

Health Assessment (26 decks)

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