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Health Assessment > Test2-Heart and Neck Vessels-MJ > Flashcards

Test2-Heart and Neck Vessels-MJ Flashcards

1
Q

What does APETM (all physicians eagerly take money) stand for?

A

It is the acronym for the way to listen to the heart sounds:

Atrial, Pulmonary, Erbs, Tricuspid, Mitral

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2
Q

What is the basic blood flow in the heart?

*this is a real simple answer, not the complicated one

A

R.Atrium–>R.Ventricle –>Lungs–>L.Atrium

–>L.Ventricle–>Body–>Back to R.Atrium

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3
Q

S1= closer of ____ valves

A

AV valves

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4
Q

S2= closer of ___ valves

A

Semilunar valves

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5
Q

Is S1 systolic or diastolic?

A

Systolic

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6
Q

Is S2 systolic or diastolic?

A

Diastolic

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7
Q

Where is the S1 sound heard best?

A

This is the systolic sound; it is heard best at the apex of heart

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8
Q

Where is the S2 sound heard best?

A

This is the diastolic sound; it is loudest at base of the heart

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9
Q

Why do we listen for S1S2 sounds at Erbs Point?

A

Erbs point is in the middle of where it is heard best for systolic and diastolic, this is the best place to hear both of them equally loud

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10
Q

Define: turbulent blood flow

A

Murmur

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11
Q

What are the normal heart sounds?

A

S1S2

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12
Q

What are the extra heart sounds?

A

S3S4

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13
Q

What is a murmur?

A

Turbulent blood flow

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14
Q

What is a bruit?

A

Anywhere else in the body (outside the heart) where there is turbulent blood flow

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15
Q

Can you feel a bruit?

A

No

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16
Q

Is a bruit a low or high pitched sound? So what side of the stethoscope would you use?

A

Bruit are LOW pitched, so you use the bell of the stethoscope

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17
Q

Can you feel a thrill?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is a thrill?

A

Turbulent blood flow you can feel

19
Q

For a friction rub: How would you be able to tell the difference between a friction rub that is in the lungs vs. in the heart?

A

Ask them to old their breath; if you can still hear it when they are holding their breath, that means the friction rub is in the heart

20
Q

When you see/feel heaves and lifts, what does that tell you?

A

The heart is having to work very hard

21
Q

What does it mean when you have a pulse deficit?

A

There is a difference in the HR monitor pulse and the manual pulse

22
Q

What type of patient might you see a pulse deficit in?

A

Patients who have A-Fib

23
Q

What is syncope?

A

Fainting

24
Q

What is the inspection sequence for the heart and neck?

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

25
Q

What are the two main things you look for during inspection?

A
  • Apical impulse

- Heaves/lifts

26
Q

Inspection: Who can you see apical impulses in better?

A

Children

27
Q

Inspection: When do heaves/lifts occur?

A

Ventricular hypertrophy

28
Q

Heaves/lifts: Where is the right ventricular seen?

A

Sternal boarder

29
Q

Heaves/lifts: Where is the left ventricular seen?

A

At the apex

30
Q

What are the 3 main areas for palpation?

A

Carotid arteries
Apical impulse
Precordium

31
Q

How do you palpate the carotid arteries?

A
  • Avoid excessive pressure
  • Only palpate one at a time
  • Note couture and amplitude
  • Both sides should be equal
32
Q

How do you palpate the apical impulse?

A
  • Use one finger pad
  • Asks patients to exhale and hold
  • May need to roll client to the LEFT
33
Q

What are the four apical pulse findings?

A

Location
Size: 1X2 cm
Amplitude: Short, mental tap
Duration

34
Q

The apical pulse can be difficult to find. 25-40% of adults you can’t find it when they are in a supine position. What position can you move them to so that you can feel it better. This increases the chances of finding it to 50-73%.

A

Left lateral position

35
Q

What other types of patients may have “difficult to find” apical pulses?

A

Obese patients and those with thick chest walls

36
Q

How do you palpate the precordium?

A

Use palmar aspect of 4 fingers

37
Q

What do you palpate for the precordium?

A

Apex
Left sternal boarder
Base

38
Q

What do we do for percussion when checking the heart and neck?

A

Nothing

39
Q

What do we auscultate for the heart and neck?

A

Heart and caarotid arteries

40
Q

What are the 5 steps to heart auscultation?

A
  1. Start with diaphragm
  2. Note regularity of rhythm
  3. Identify S1 and S2
  4. Listen for extra heart sounds and murmurs
  5. Repeat with the bell
41
Q

What type of clients would need to have the carotid arteries auscultated?

A

Clients with CAD risk factors

42
Q

For carotid artery auscultation, when would a bruit be heard?

A

When 1/2 to 2/3 of the artery is occluded; the bruit will fade after it is stopped being occluded

43
Q

How do you auscultate the carotid artery?

A
  1. Keep neck in neutral position
  2. Lightly apply the bell over:
    • angle of jaw
    • Midcervical area
    • Base of neck

Health Assessment (26 decks)

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