Exam 3 (Josh) - Eyes Flashcards
Which area of the brain sees with the most detail?
fovea centralis
Which is thicker in the eye, veins or arteries?
veins
Where is the physiological blind spot of the eye? How does brain compensate?
optic disk (where optic nerve enters) is a blind spot.
the brain compensates by coloring in the details
How do we tell arteries and veins apart when looking in the eye?
arteries are thinner and have a sheen
Explain this statement: “Humans are foveate animals?
we turn towards danger to focus on it (want to keep it in our area of greatest focus)
deer are not (they turn to keep the danger in their periphery)
What is the typical eye chart that we think of when we get a physical exam?
Snellen Alphabet Chart
Which eye chart is a smaller one you hold in your hand?
Jaeger Card
Which eye exam is useful for kids, from 11 months to 2.5 years old?
Allen Test
Which eye exam is another exam that is useful for illiterate adults or kids?
Snellen ‘Tumbling E’ Chart
Myopia means ———–
nearsightedness
Presbyopia means ———-
farsightedness (can’t see up close)
Diplopia means ——
double vision
What is the pathophysiology of presbyopia?
lens loses its elasticity, and thus it’s ability to accomodate for near vision
What are the most common causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults?
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Diabetic Retinopathy
—— is a clouding of the lens by a clump of proteins. It is curable w/ lens replacement surgery.
Cataracts
What is the primary risk factor for cataracts?
age
—— is a loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits (drusen) and noevascularity in the macula.
AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)
With ——- the person is unable to read books, sew or do fine work, and has difficulty distingusing faces.
AMD
In AMD is peripheral vision affected?
NO
loss of central vision
What is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults?
Diabetic Retinopathy
If a client has lost most of their peripheral vision, would they have Glaucoma or AMD?
Glaucoma
AMD is mostly central sight (periphery not as affected)
In a confrontation test, how many fields of vision must you test?
four fields
What is the purpose of the corneal light refelx test?
see if light falls into the middle of the pupil to determine if the eyes are crossed or of its pseudostrabismus
What is normal pupil size?
3-5
Which children are most prone to have pseudostrabismus?
asian children
Clinical term for pupillary constriction is ——-
miosis
Clinical term for pupillary dilation is —–
mydriasis
Which test is used to check for strabismus?
cover test
weaker eye will drift away if stronger eye is covered up
If the red reflex is absent, what should you expect?
cataracts
but rarely it could be Leukocoria
Leukocoria literally means —— pupil and is a possible sign of what disease?
white pupil
sign of retinoblastoma
Ambliopia means what?
good vision in one eye, poor vision in the other
