Exam 3 (Josh) - Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Which area of the brain sees with the most detail?

A

fovea centralis

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2
Q

Which is thicker in the eye, veins or arteries?

A

veins

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3
Q

Where is the physiological blind spot of the eye? How does brain compensate?

A

optic disk (where optic nerve enters) is a blind spot.

the brain compensates by coloring in the details

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4
Q

How do we tell arteries and veins apart when looking in the eye?

A

arteries are thinner and have a sheen

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5
Q

Explain this statement: “Humans are foveate animals?

A

we turn towards danger to focus on it (want to keep it in our area of greatest focus)

deer are not (they turn to keep the danger in their periphery)

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6
Q

What is the typical eye chart that we think of when we get a physical exam?

A

Snellen Alphabet Chart

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7
Q

Which eye chart is a smaller one you hold in your hand?

A

Jaeger Card

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8
Q

Which eye exam is useful for kids, from 11 months to 2.5 years old?

A

Allen Test

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9
Q

Which eye exam is another exam that is useful for illiterate adults or kids?

A

Snellen ‘Tumbling E’ Chart

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10
Q

Myopia means ———–

A

nearsightedness

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11
Q

Presbyopia means ———-

A

farsightedness (can’t see up close)

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12
Q

Diplopia means ——

A

double vision

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13
Q

What is the pathophysiology of presbyopia?

A

lens loses its elasticity, and thus it’s ability to accomodate for near vision

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14
Q

What are the most common causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults?

A

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Diabetic Retinopathy

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15
Q

—— is a clouding of the lens by a clump of proteins. It is curable w/ lens replacement surgery.

A

Cataracts

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16
Q

What is the primary risk factor for cataracts?

A

age

17
Q

—— is a loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits (drusen) and noevascularity in the macula.

A

AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

18
Q

With ——- the person is unable to read books, sew or do fine work, and has difficulty distingusing faces.

A

AMD

19
Q

In AMD is peripheral vision affected?

A

NO

loss of central vision

20
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults?

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

21
Q

If a client has lost most of their peripheral vision, would they have Glaucoma or AMD?

A

Glaucoma

AMD is mostly central sight (periphery not as affected)

22
Q

In a confrontation test, how many fields of vision must you test?

A

four fields

23
Q

What is the purpose of the corneal light refelx test?

A

see if light falls into the middle of the pupil to determine if the eyes are crossed or of its pseudostrabismus

24
Q

What is normal pupil size?

A

3-5

25
Q

Which children are most prone to have pseudostrabismus?

A

asian children

26
Q

Clinical term for pupillary constriction is ——-

A

miosis

27
Q

Clinical term for pupillary dilation is —–

A

mydriasis

28
Q

Which test is used to check for strabismus?

A

cover test

weaker eye will drift away if stronger eye is covered up

29
Q

If the red reflex is absent, what should you expect?

A

cataracts

but rarely it could be Leukocoria

30
Q

Leukocoria literally means —— pupil and is a possible sign of what disease?

A

white pupil

sign of retinoblastoma

31
Q

Ambliopia means what?

A

good vision in one eye, poor vision in the other