Exam 3 (Josh) - Eyes

Question 1

Which area of the brain sees with the most detail?

Answer 1

fovea centralis

Question 2

Which is thicker in the eye, veins or arteries?

Answer 2

veins

Question 3

Where is the physiological blind spot of the eye? How does brain compensate?

Answer 3

optic disk (where optic nerve enters) is a blind spot.

the brain compensates by coloring in the details

Question 4

How do we tell arteries and veins apart when looking in the eye?

Answer 4

arteries are thinner and have a sheen

Question 5

Explain this statement: “Humans are foveate animals?

Answer 5

we turn towards danger to focus on it (want to keep it in our area of greatest focus)

deer are not (they turn to keep the danger in their periphery)

Question 6

What is the typical eye chart that we think of when we get a physical exam?

Answer 6

Snellen Alphabet Chart

Question 7

Which eye chart is a smaller one you hold in your hand?

Answer 7

Jaeger Card

Question 8

Which eye exam is useful for kids, from 11 months to 2.5 years old?

Answer 8

Allen Test

Question 9

Which eye exam is another exam that is useful for illiterate adults or kids?

Answer 9

Snellen ‘Tumbling E’ Chart

Question 10

Myopia means ———–

Answer 10

nearsightedness

Question 11

Presbyopia means ———-

Answer 11

farsightedness (can’t see up close)

Question 12

Diplopia means ——

Answer 12

double vision

Question 13

What is the pathophysiology of presbyopia?

Answer 13

lens loses its elasticity, and thus it’s ability to accomodate for near vision

Question 14

What are the most common causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults?

Answer 14

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 15

—— is a clouding of the lens by a clump of proteins. It is curable w/ lens replacement surgery.

Answer 15

Cataracts

Question 16

What is the primary risk factor for cataracts?

Answer 16

age

Question 17

—— is a loss of central vision caused by yellow deposits (drusen) and noevascularity in the macula.

Answer 17

AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

Question 18

With ——- the person is unable to read books, sew or do fine work, and has difficulty distingusing faces.

Answer 18

AMD

Question 19

In AMD is peripheral vision affected?

Answer 19

NO

loss of central vision

Question 20

What is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults?

Answer 20

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 21

If a client has lost most of their peripheral vision, would they have Glaucoma or AMD?

Answer 21

Glaucoma

AMD is mostly central sight (periphery not as affected)

Question 22

In a confrontation test, how many fields of vision must you test?

Answer 22

four fields

Question 23

What is the purpose of the corneal light refelx test?

Answer 23

see if light falls into the middle of the pupil to determine if the eyes are crossed or of its pseudostrabismus

Question 24

What is normal pupil size?

Answer 24

3-5

Question 25

Which children are most prone to have pseudostrabismus?

Answer 25

asian children

Question 26

Clinical term for pupillary constriction is ——-

Answer 26

miosis

Question 27

Clinical term for pupillary dilation is —–

Answer 27

mydriasis

Question 28

Which test is used to check for strabismus?

Answer 28

cover test

weaker eye will drift away if stronger eye is covered up

Question 29

If the red reflex is absent, what should you expect?

Answer 29

cataracts

but rarely it could be Leukocoria

Question 30

Leukocoria literally means —— pupil and is a possible sign of what disease?

Answer 30

white pupil

sign of retinoblastoma

Question 31

Ambliopia means what?

Answer 31

good vision in one eye, poor vision in the other