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10th Flashcards - biology > test 5 > Flashcards

test 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

system of the body that contains the heart, blood vessels, and blood

A

cardiovascular system (circulatory system)

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2
Q

thick fluid that contains many solid particles and is part of the cardiovascular system

A

blood

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3
Q

straw-colored liquid part of the blood that is 90% water

A

plasma

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4
Q

three basic categories of blood proteins

A

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

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5
Q

occurs when blood pressure falls to a critical low because of an injury

A

circulatory shock

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6
Q

_____ carry oxygen

A

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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7
Q

special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its characteristic red color

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells

A

anemia

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9
Q

stores surplus red blood cells until they are needed

A

spleen

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10
Q

___ help the body fight disease-causing organisms

A

white blood cells

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11
Q

form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers

A

leukemia

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12
Q

tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits for tears in blood vessels

A

platelets

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13
Q

process of a platelet plug forming and then the hole being repaired by several platelets that bond with help from proteins

A

clotting

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14
Q

result of clotting on the surface of the skin

A

scab

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15
Q

disease where blood struggles to clot

A

hemophilia

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16
Q

identification tags of the blood

A

antigens

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17
Q

transfer of someone else’s blood into your body

A

blood transfusion

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18
Q

defense proteins in your bloodstream

A

antibodies

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19
Q

division that contains the four most common blood types

A

ABO blood group

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20
Q

______ first described the circulation of blood accurately

A

William Harvey

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21
Q

most efficient pump in the world

A

heart

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22
Q

tough white sac that encases the heart and supports and protects it

A

pericardium

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23
Q

four hollow spaces of the heart

A

chambers

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24
Q

two thin upper-walled chambers of the heart

A

atria

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25
Q

two thick-walled lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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26
Q

wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart

A

septum

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27
Q

_______ prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction

A

valves

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28
Q

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are _____ because they allow blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle

A

A-V valves

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29
Q

body’s largest veins

A

venae cavae (sing. vena cava)

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30
Q

body’s largest artery

A

aorta

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31
Q

take blood from the aorta to the muscles of the heart

A

coronary arteries

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32
Q

returns blood to the heart after leaving the muscles

A

cardiac veins

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33
Q

system of special heart cells that regulates the beating of the heart

A

cardiac conduction system

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34
Q

master control unit of the heart; sends electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

A

S-A node

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35
Q

delays the S-A node’s pulse so the aorta can fully contract

A

A-V node

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36
Q

can surgically be implanted to take over for the electrical system of the heart once it fails

A

pacemaker

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37
Q

map of the heart

A

electrocardiogram

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38
Q

contracting and pumping phase of heart action

A

systole

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39
Q

relaxing and filling phase of heart action

A

diastole

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40
Q

the perception of the cardiac cycle

A

heartbeat

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41
Q

abnormal rushing or blowing sound in the heart produced by valve damage

A

heart murmur

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42
Q

type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles

A

heart attack

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43
Q

heart issue that occurs when the heart stops beating and instead twitches randomly

A

ventricular fibrillation

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44
Q

thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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45
Q

blood vessels that transport blood to the heart

A

veins

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46
Q

microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly

A

capillaries

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47
Q

hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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48
Q

form of the hardening of the arteries that occurs when plaque builds up

A

atherosclerosis

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49
Q

movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

A

systemic circulation

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50
Q

movement of blood to the liver

A

portal circulation

51
Q

force the blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels

A

blood pressure

52
Q

movement of blood through the kidneys

A

renal circulation

53
Q

movement of blood between the heart and the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

54
Q

high blood pressure because it exceeds normal measures

A

hypertension

55
Q

rhythmic pressure change in the arteries as they bulge and contract

A

pulse

56
Q

two sections of the liver

A

lobes

57
Q

stores excess glucose of the body

A

glycogen

58
Q

inflammation and infection of the liver

A

viral hepatitis

59
Q

buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue of the liver

A

cirrhosis

60
Q

leading cause of death among Americans

A

cardiovascular disease

61
Q

supplies the body with oxygen and removes excess carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

62
Q

primary organs of the respiratory system

A

lungs

63
Q

process of breathing and gas exchange

A

external respiration

64
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells

A

internal respiration

65
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

66
Q

voicebox

A

larynx

67
Q

branches of the trachea

A

bronchi

68
Q

sac-like structures that are at the end of the bronchioles

A

alveoli

69
Q

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

diffusion

70
Q

bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes large quantities of fluid

A

pneumonia

71
Q

allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles

A

bronchial asthma

72
Q

double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage and provides lubrication

A

pleura

73
Q

thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

A

diaphragm

74
Q
  1. air rushes into the lungs
  2. air rushes from the lungs
A
  1. inhalation
  2. exhalation
75
Q

portion of the brain that controls breathing

A

medulla oblongata

76
Q

maximum volume you can inhale and exhale

A

vital capacity

77
Q

normal amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled

A

tidal volume

78
Q

most common respiratory disease

A

common cold

79
Q

all the chemical processes of life

A

metabolism

80
Q

measure of the energy content of food

A

Calorie

81
Q

most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

A

carbohydrates

82
Q

_____ provide most of the energy for living things

A

carbohydrates

83
Q

simplest of the carbohydrates

A

sugar

84
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

85
Q

complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells

A

proteins

86
Q

energy carrier of the cell

A

ATP

87
Q

group of compounds characterized by their insolubility in water

A

lipids

88
Q

important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them

A

vitamins

89
Q

important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues

A

minerals

90
Q

tube that is the pathway of the digestive system

A

alimentary canal

91
Q

changing of food substances with large, complex molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules

A

digestion

92
Q

catalysts produced by living cells

A

enzymes

93
Q

____ cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested

A

teeth

94
Q

scientific name for chewing

A

mastication

95
Q

throat

A

pharynx

96
Q

most common disease in man

A

dental caries (cavities)

97
Q

long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

98
Q

rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract

A

peristalsis

99
Q

small flap of cartilage in the pharynx

A

epiglottis

100
Q

J shaped organ

A

stomach

101
Q
  1. produces bile
  2. stores bile
A
  1. liver
  2. gallbladder
102
Q

primary organ of digestion and absorption

A

small intestine

103
Q

small hairlike projections in the small intestine

A

villi

104
Q

first section of the small intestine

A

duodenum

105
Q

most chemical digestion occurs in the _____

A

duodenum

106
Q

middle section of the small intestine

A

jejunum

107
Q

most absorption in the small intestine is in the ___

A

jejunum

108
Q

longest section of the small intestine and last section

A

ileum

109
Q

movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream

A

absorption

110
Q

hormone that removes sugar from the blood when there is too much

A

insulin

111
Q

corrects low sugar

A

glucagon

112
Q

waste substance of extra protein

A

urea

113
Q

condition of expelling too much water when the colon is not working properly

A

diarrhea

114
Q

forms of food poisoning

A

botulism, Staphylococcus aureus, and salmonellosis

115
Q

name for gastric indigestion

A

dyspepsia

116
Q

infection of the colon

A

dysentery

117
Q

one of the most common forms of cancer that is 95% curable when detected early

A

colon cancer

118
Q

universal blood donor

A

O-

119
Q

universal recipients for blood

A

AB+

120
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

S-A node

121
Q

microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly

A

capillaries

122
Q

respiratory disease where lungs can’t defend themselves from bacteria and may fill with mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

123
Q

form of cancer most commonly from smoking

A

lung cancer

10th Flashcards - biology (15 decks)

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