test 5 Flashcards
system of the body that contains the heart, blood vessels, and blood
cardiovascular system (circulatory system)
thick fluid that contains many solid particles and is part of the cardiovascular system
blood
straw-colored liquid part of the blood that is 90% water
plasma
three basic categories of blood proteins
albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen
occurs when blood pressure falls to a critical low because of an injury
circulatory shock
_____ carry oxygen
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its characteristic red color
hemoglobin
disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells
anemia
stores surplus red blood cells until they are needed
spleen
___ help the body fight disease-causing organisms
white blood cells
form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers
leukemia
tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits for tears in blood vessels
platelets
process of a platelet plug forming and then the hole being repaired by several platelets that bond with help from proteins
clotting
result of clotting on the surface of the skin
scab
disease where blood struggles to clot
hemophilia
identification tags of the blood
antigens
transfer of someone else’s blood into your body
blood transfusion
defense proteins in your bloodstream
antibodies
division that contains the four most common blood types
ABO blood group
______ first described the circulation of blood accurately
William Harvey
most efficient pump in the world
heart
tough white sac that encases the heart and supports and protects it
pericardium
four hollow spaces of the heart
chambers
two thin upper-walled chambers of the heart
atria
two thick-walled lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart
septum
_______ prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction
valves
the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are _____ because they allow blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle
A-V valves
body’s largest veins
venae cavae (sing. vena cava)
body’s largest artery
aorta
take blood from the aorta to the muscles of the heart
coronary arteries
returns blood to the heart after leaving the muscles
cardiac veins
system of special heart cells that regulates the beating of the heart
cardiac conduction system
master control unit of the heart; sends electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
S-A node
delays the S-A node’s pulse so the aorta can fully contract
A-V node
can surgically be implanted to take over for the electrical system of the heart once it fails
pacemaker
map of the heart
electrocardiogram
contracting and pumping phase of heart action
systole
relaxing and filling phase of heart action
diastole
the perception of the cardiac cycle
heartbeat
abnormal rushing or blowing sound in the heart produced by valve damage
heart murmur
type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles
heart attack
heart issue that occurs when the heart stops beating and instead twitches randomly
ventricular fibrillation
thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart
arteries
blood vessels that transport blood to the heart
veins
microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly
capillaries
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
form of the hardening of the arteries that occurs when plaque builds up
atherosclerosis
movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs
systemic circulation
movement of blood to the liver
portal circulation
force the blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
movement of blood through the kidneys
renal circulation
movement of blood between the heart and the lungs
pulmonary circulation
high blood pressure because it exceeds normal measures
hypertension
rhythmic pressure change in the arteries as they bulge and contract
pulse
two sections of the liver
lobes
stores excess glucose of the body
glycogen
inflammation and infection of the liver
viral hepatitis
buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue of the liver
cirrhosis
leading cause of death among Americans
cardiovascular disease
supplies the body with oxygen and removes excess carbon dioxide
respiratory system
primary organs of the respiratory system
lungs
process of breathing and gas exchange
external respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells
internal respiration
windpipe
trachea
voicebox
larynx
branches of the trachea
bronchi
sac-like structures that are at the end of the bronchioles
alveoli
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
diffusion
bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes large quantities of fluid
pneumonia
allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles
bronchial asthma
double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage and provides lubrication
pleura
thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
- air rushes into the lungs
- air rushes from the lungs
- inhalation
- exhalation
portion of the brain that controls breathing
medulla oblongata
maximum volume you can inhale and exhale
vital capacity
normal amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled
tidal volume
most common respiratory disease
common cold
all the chemical processes of life
metabolism
measure of the energy content of food
Calorie
most important energy-producing compounds in the cell
carbohydrates
_____ provide most of the energy for living things
carbohydrates
simplest of the carbohydrates
sugar
building blocks of proteins
amino acids
complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells
proteins
energy carrier of the cell
ATP
group of compounds characterized by their insolubility in water
lipids
important organic substances found in plants and animals and foods made from them
vitamins
important inorganic nutrients needed for proper growth and repair of body tissues
minerals
tube that is the pathway of the digestive system
alimentary canal
changing of food substances with large, complex molecules into substances with smaller, less complex molecules
digestion
catalysts produced by living cells
enzymes
____ cut, break, or crush food into smaller pieces so that it may be more easily digested
teeth
scientific name for chewing
mastication
throat
pharynx
most common disease in man
dental caries (cavities)
long muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the esophagus and digestive tract
peristalsis
small flap of cartilage in the pharynx
epiglottis
J shaped organ
stomach
- produces bile
- stores bile
- liver
- gallbladder
primary organ of digestion and absorption
small intestine
small hairlike projections in the small intestine
villi
first section of the small intestine
duodenum
most chemical digestion occurs in the _____
duodenum
middle section of the small intestine
jejunum
most absorption in the small intestine is in the ___
jejunum
longest section of the small intestine and last section
ileum
movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream
absorption
hormone that removes sugar from the blood when there is too much
insulin
corrects low sugar
glucagon
waste substance of extra protein
urea
condition of expelling too much water when the colon is not working properly
diarrhea
forms of food poisoning
botulism, Staphylococcus aureus, and salmonellosis
name for gastric indigestion
dyspepsia
infection of the colon
dysentery
one of the most common forms of cancer that is 95% curable when detected early
colon cancer
universal blood donor
O-
universal recipients for blood
AB+
pacemaker of the heart
S-A node
microscopic structures that take blood to the cells directly
capillaries
respiratory disease where lungs can’t defend themselves from bacteria and may fill with mucus
cystic fibrosis
form of cancer most commonly from smoking
lung cancer
