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10th Flashcards - biology > quiz 8.1-8.3 > Flashcards

quiz 8.1-8.3 Flashcards

1
Q

______ includes the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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2
Q

_____ principal organ of the nervous system

A

brain

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3
Q

thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

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4
Q

triple layer of protective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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5
Q

fluid that cushions the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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6
Q

type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that support and insulate nerve tissue

A

glial cells

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7
Q

actual nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord

A

neurons

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8
Q

____ found within the brain and spinal cord consists of cell bodies mostly and the color is determined by that

A

gray matter

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9
Q

_____ is composed of axons and glial cells that are white because of myelin

A

white matter

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10
Q

mass of cell bodies

A

ganglia

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11
Q

group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord

A

nerve center

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12
Q

neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals,

A

sensory neurons

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13
Q

neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to other parts of the body

A

sensory neurons

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14
Q

wall that protects the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick

A

blood-brain barrier

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15
Q

disease that occurs when invading microorganisms enter the nerve tissue and infect the meninges

A

meningitis

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16
Q

serious disease attacks the spinal cord when a virus enters the motor neurons of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

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17
Q

bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body

A

peripheral nervous system

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18
Q

both sensory and motor fibers

A

mixed nerves

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19
Q

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs

A

autonomic nervous system

20
Q

part of the body that responds during stressful situations

A

sympathetic division

21
Q

counteracts the body’s reaction in stressful sitations

A

parasympathetic division

22
Q

special glial cells that produce layers of myelin to act as insulation

A

Schwann cells

23
Q

disease of the brain and spinal cord that attacks the glial cells

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

24
Q

inability of the muscle to move

A

paralysis

25
Q

wave of electrical activity that causes ion gates to open and close

A

action potential

26
Q

enclosed junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell that is the end of an axon of a neuron

A

synapse

27
Q

disease of the nervous system characterized by tremors and stiffness of the limbs that affects the posture and movement

A

Parkinson’s disease

28
Q

simplest act of the nervous system; a quick automatic response

A

reflex

29
Q

largest, most important part
of the nervous system

A

brain

30
Q

the upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behavior

A

cerebrum

31
Q

lower part of the brain, helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

A

cerebellum

32
Q

part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activi­ties of the autonomic nervous system

A

brain stem

33
Q

two halves of the cerebrum

A

hemispheres

34
Q

two hemispheres communicate with each other through a mass of nerve fibers called the _______

A

corpus callosum

35
Q

outer layer of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

36
Q

regions of the cerebrum of the brain

A

lobes

37
Q

portion of the frontal lobes controlling skeletal muscles

A

motor area

38
Q

analyze the senses on their re­spective sides of the body to allow us to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture

A

parietal lobes

39
Q

lobes controlling sense of vision

A

occipital lobes

40
Q

lobes associated with hearing, taste, and smell

A

temporal lobes

41
Q

Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth

A

cerebral palsy

42
Q

lowest part of the brain

A

medulla oblongata

43
Q

master switch of the brain stem

A

reticular formation

44
Q

switchboard of the brain stem

A

thalamus

45
Q

control unit for the body’s automatic systems

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli

A

behaviorism

10th Flashcards - biology (16 decks)

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