quiz 8.1-8.3

Question 1

______ includes the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

_____ principal organ of the nervous system

Answer 2

brain

Question 3

thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity

Answer 3

spinal cord

Question 4

triple layer of protective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord

Answer 4

meninges

Question 5

fluid that cushions the brain

Answer 5

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 6

type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that support and insulate nerve tissue

Answer 6

glial cells

Question 7

actual nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 7

neurons

Question 8

____ found within the brain and spinal cord consists of cell bodies mostly and the color is determined by that

Answer 8

gray matter

Question 9

_____ is composed of axons and glial cells that are white because of myelin

Answer 9

white matter

Question 10

mass of cell bodies

Answer 10

ganglia

Question 11

group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord

Answer 11

nerve center

Question 12

neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals,

Answer 12

sensory neurons

Question 13

neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to other parts of the body

Answer 13

sensory neurons

Question 14

wall that protects the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick

Answer 14

blood-brain barrier

Question 15

disease that occurs when invading microorganisms enter the nerve tissue and infect the meninges

Answer 15

meningitis

Question 16

serious disease attacks the spinal cord when a virus enters the motor neurons of the spinal cord

Answer 16

poliomyelitis

Question 17

bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body

Answer 17

peripheral nervous system

Question 18

both sensory and motor fibers

Answer 18

mixed nerves

Question 19

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs

Answer 19

autonomic nervous system

Question 20

part of the body that responds during stressful situations

Answer 20

sympathetic division

Question 21

counteracts the body’s reaction in stressful sitations

Answer 21

parasympathetic division

Question 22

special glial cells that produce layers of myelin to act as insulation

Answer 22

Schwann cells

Question 23

disease of the brain and spinal cord that attacks the glial cells

Answer 23

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 24

inability of the muscle to move

Answer 24

paralysis

Question 25

wave of electrical activity that causes ion gates to open and close

Answer 25

action potential

Question 26

enclosed junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell that is the end of an axon of a neuron

Answer 26

synapse

Question 27

disease of the nervous system characterized by tremors and stiffness of the limbs that affects the posture and movement

Answer 27

Parkinson's disease

Question 28

simplest act of the nervous system; a quick automatic response

Answer 28

reflex

Question 29

largest, most important part of the nervous system

Answer 29

brain

Question 30

the upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behavior

Answer 30

cerebrum

Question 31

lower part of the brain, helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

Answer 31

cerebellum

Question 32

part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activi­ties of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 32

brain stem

Question 33

two halves of the cerebrum

Answer 33

hemispheres

Question 34

two hemispheres communicate with each other through a mass of nerve fibers called the _______

Answer 34

corpus callosum

Question 35

outer layer of the cerebrum

Answer 35

cerebral cortex

Question 36

regions of the cerebrum of the brain

Answer 36

lobes

Question 37

portion of the frontal lobes controlling skeletal muscles

Answer 37

motor area

Question 38

analyze the senses on their re­spective sides of the body to allow us to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture

Answer 38

parietal lobes

Question 39

lobes controlling sense of vision

Answer 39

occipital lobes

Question 40

lobes associated with hearing, taste, and smell

Answer 40

temporal lobes

Question 41

Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth

Answer 41

cerebral palsy

Question 42

lowest part of the brain

Answer 42

medulla oblongata

Question 43

master switch of the brain stem

Answer 43

reticular formation

Question 44

switchboard of the brain stem

Answer 44

thalamus

Question 45

control unit for the body's automatic systems

Answer 45

hypothalamus

Question 46

a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli

Answer 46

behaviorism