quiz 8.1-8.3 Flashcards
______ includes the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
_____ principal organ of the nervous system
brain
thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity
spinal cord
triple layer of protective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord
meninges
fluid that cushions the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that support and insulate nerve tissue
glial cells
actual nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord
neurons
____ found within the brain and spinal cord consists of cell bodies mostly and the color is determined by that
gray matter
_____ is composed of axons and glial cells that are white because of myelin
white matter
mass of cell bodies
ganglia
group of cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
nerve center
neurons that transmit information to the central nervous system from the senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, as well as those that transmit pain signals,
sensory neurons
neurons that relay signals from the central nervous system to other parts of the body
sensory neurons
wall that protects the central nervous system from being permanently damaged every time you get sick
blood-brain barrier
disease that occurs when invading microorganisms enter the nerve tissue and infect the meninges
meningitis
serious disease attacks the spinal cord when a virus enters the motor neurons of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body
peripheral nervous system
both sensory and motor fibers
mixed nerves
part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and other internal organs
autonomic nervous system
part of the body that responds during stressful situations
sympathetic division
counteracts the body’s reaction in stressful sitations
parasympathetic division
special glial cells that produce layers of myelin to act as insulation
Schwann cells
disease of the brain and spinal cord that attacks the glial cells
multiple sclerosis (MS)
inability of the muscle to move
paralysis
wave of electrical activity that causes ion gates to open and close
action potential
enclosed junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell that is the end of an axon of a neuron
synapse
disease of the nervous system characterized by tremors and stiffness of the limbs that affects the posture and movement
Parkinson’s disease
simplest act of the nervous system; a quick automatic response
reflex
largest, most important part
of the nervous system
brain
the upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behavior
cerebrum
lower part of the brain, helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity
cerebellum
part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activities of the autonomic nervous system
brain stem
two halves of the cerebrum
hemispheres
two hemispheres communicate with each other through a mass of nerve fibers called the _______
corpus callosum
outer layer of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
regions of the cerebrum of the brain
lobes
portion of the frontal lobes controlling skeletal muscles
motor area
analyze the senses on their respective sides of the body to allow us to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture
parietal lobes
lobes controlling sense of vision
occipital lobes
lobes associated with hearing, taste, and smell
temporal lobes
Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth
cerebral palsy
lowest part of the brain
medulla oblongata
master switch of the brain stem
reticular formation
switchboard of the brain stem
thalamus
control unit for the body’s automatic systems
hypothalamus
a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to particular stimuli
behaviorism
